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An $r$-graph is an $r$-uniform hypergraph tree (or $r$-tree) if its edges can be ordered as $E_1,\ldots, E_m$ such that $\forall i>1 \, \exists \alpha(i)<i$ such that $E_i\cap (\bigcup_{j=1}^{i-1} E_j)\subseteq E_{\alpha(i)}$. The Tur\'an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-14 Zoltán Füredi , Tao Jiang

Let $\mathcal{F}$ denote a set of graphs. A graph $G$ is said to be $\mathcal{F}$-free if it does not contain any element of $\mathcal{F}$ as a subgraph. The Tur\'an number is the maximum possible number of edges in an $\mathcal{F}$-free…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-01 Shuchao Li , Wanting Sun , Wei Wei

We say a hypergraph $\mathcal{H}$ contains a hypergraph $\mathcal{G}$ as trace if there exists a vertex subset $S \subseteq V(\mathcal{H})$ such that $|S| = |V(\mathcal{G})|$ and $\{e \cap S: e \in E(\mathcal{H})\}$ contains $\mathcal{G}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Yichen Wang , Xin Cheng , Ervin Győri , Xiamiao Zhao

The Tur\'{a}n number $ex(n,H)$ of a graph $H$ is the maximum number of edges in any $H$-free graph on $n$ vertices. The triangular pyramid of $k$-layers, denoted by $TP_k$, is a generalization of a triangle. The Tur\'an problems of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Hangdi Chen , Yaojun Chen , Xiutao Zhu

Let $H$ be a graph. The generalized outerplanar Tur\'an number of $H$, denoted by $f_{\mathcal{OP}}(n,H)$, is the maximum number of copies of $H$ in an $n$-vertex outerplanar graph. Let $P_k$ be the path on $k$ vertices. In this paper we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-22 Ervin Győri , Addisu Paulos , Chuanqi Xiao

Given a graph $H$, the Tur\'an number $ex(n,H)$ is the largest number of edges in an $H$-free graph on $n$ vertices. We make progress on a recent conjecture of Conlon, Janzer, and Lee on the Tur\'an numbers of bipartite graphs, which in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-03 Tao Jiang , Yu Qiu

Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a family of $r$-uniform hypergraphs. The random Tur\'an number $\mathrm{ex}(G^r_{n,p},\mathcal{F})$ is the maximum number of edges in an $\mathcal{F}$-free subgraph of $G^r_{n,p}$, where $G^r_{n,p}$ is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-21 Jiaxi Nie

Given a graph $F$, the planar Tur\'an number of $F$, denoted $\text{ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n, F)$, is the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex $F$-free planar graph. Such an extremal graph problem was initiated by Dowden while determining…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-21 Debarun Ghosh , Ervin Győri , Addisu Paulos , Chuanqi Xiao

We study the Tur\'an number of long cycles in random graphs and in pseudo-random graphs. Denote by $ex(G(n,p),H)$ the random variable counting the number of edges in a largest subgraph of $G(n,p)$ without a copy of $H$. We determine the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-29 Michael Krivelevich , Gal Kronenberg , Adva Mond

Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a family of $r$-uniform hypergraphs, and let $H$ be an $r$-uniform hypergraph. Then $H$ is called $\mathcal{F}$-free if it does not contain any member of $\mathcal{F}$ as a subhypergraph. The Tur\'{a}n number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-23 Lin-Peng Zhang , Hajo Broersma , Ligong Wang

Given a graph $F$, we define $\operatorname{ex}(G_{n,p},F)$ to be the maximum number of edges in an $F$-free subgraph of the random graph $G_{n,p}$. Very little is known about $\operatorname{ex}(G_{n,p},F)$ when $F$ is bipartite, with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-29 Gwen McKinley , Sam Spiro

The planar Tu\'{a}n number of $H$, denoted by $ex_{\mathcal{P}}(n,H)$, is defined as the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex $H$-free planar graph. The exact value of $ex_{\mathcal{P}}(n,H)$ remains a mystery when $H$ is large (for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Xuqing Bai , Zhipeng Gao , Ping Li

As a variant of the much studied Tur\'an number, $ex(n,F)$, the largest number of edges that an $n$-vertex $F$-free graph may contain, we introduce the connected Tur\'an number $ex_c(n,F)$, the largest number of edges that an $n$-vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-15 Yair Caro , Balázs Patkós , Zsolt Tuza

Given a family ${\cal F}$ of graphs, and a positive integer $n$, the Tur\'an number $ex(n,{\cal F})$ of ${\cal F}$ is the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex graph that does not contain any member of ${\cal F}$ as a subgraph. The order…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-02-12 Tao Jiang , Andrew Newman

The fundamental theorem of Tur\'{a}n from Extremal Graph Theory determines the exact bound on the number of edges $t_r(n)$ in an $n$-vertex graph that does not contain a clique of size $r+1$. We establish an interesting link between…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Fedor V. Fomin , Petr A. Golovach , Danil Sagunov , Kirill Simonov

The Tur\'{a}n number of a graph $H$ is the maximum number of edges in any graph of order $n$ that does not contain $H$ as a subgraph. In 1959, Erd\H os and Gallai obtained a sharp upper bound of Tur\'{a}n numbers for a path of arbitrary…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Miao Dong , Bo Ning , Long-Tu Yuan , Xiao-Dong Zhang

Loh, Tait, Timmons and Zhou introduced the notion of induced Tur\'{a}n numbers, defining $\operatorname{ex}(n, \{H, F\text{-ind}\})$ to be the greatest number of edges in an $n$-vertex graph with no copy of $H$ and no induced copy of $F$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-27 Freddie Illingworth

The Tur\'an number of an r-uniform hypergraph H is the maximum number of edges in any r-graph on n vertices which does not contain H as a subgraph. Let P_l^(r) denote the family of r-uniform loose paths on l edges, F(k,l) denote the family…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-02-25 Neal Bushaw , Nathan Kettle

The Tur\'an number $ex(n,H)$ is the maximum number of edges in an $H$-free graph on $n$ vertices. Let $T$ be any tree. The odd-ballooning of $T$, denoted by $T_o$, is a graph obtained by replacing each edge of $T$ with an odd cycle…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-26 Xiutao Zhu , Yaojun Chen

For a graph $H$, the Tur\'{a}n number of $H$, denoted by ex$(n,H)$, is the maximum number of edges of an $n$-vertex $H$-free graph. Let $g(n,H)$ denote the maximum number of edges not contained in any monochromatic copy of $H$ in a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-13 Long-Tu Yuan