Related papers: How Not to Measure a False QCD Critical Point
This paper presents results on multiplicity fluctuations of positively and negatively charged hadrons as well as net-electric charge fluctuations measured in central Ar+Sc interactions at beam momenta 13A, 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A, and 150A…
We performed systematic studies on the effects of event-by-event efficiency fluctuations on efficiency correction for cumulant analysis in relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments. Experimentally, particle efficiencies of events…
Measurements of multiplicity fluctuations of identified hadrons produced in inelastic p+p interactions at 31, 40, 80, and 158~\GeVc beam momentum are presented. Three different measures of multiplicity fluctuations are used: the scaled…
The time evolution of particle number fluctuations in nuclear collisions at intermediate energies ($E_{\rm lab} = 1.23-10A$ GeV) is studied by means of the UrQMD-3.5 transport model. The transport description incorporates baryonic…
We show that in the presence of spinodal instabilities which develop at a first order phase transition, the fluctuations of conserved charges can be as strong as those at the critical end point (CEP). In particular, the net baryon number…
The event-by-event charge fluctuation measurements are proposed to provide the signature of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in heavy-ion collisions. Measure of dynamical charge fluctuations is expected to carry information of initial fractional…
Event-by-event fluctuations of hadronic patterns in heavy-ion collisions are studied in search for signatures of quark-hadron phase transition. Attention is focused on a narrow strip in the azimuthal angle with small $\Delta y$. The…
The critical end point (CEP) is a key feature of the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram, where critical phenomena cause higher-order moments of conserved charges net-baryon ($\Delta B$), net-charge ($\Delta Q$), and net-strangeness…
Parity-odd domains, corresponding to non-trivial topological solutions of the QCD vacuum, might be created in relativistic heavy ions collisions. These domains are predicted to lead to charge separation along the system orbital momentum of…
We study fluctuations in the canonical ensemble, where the net baryon number is exactly conserved. The focus is on cumulants and factorial cumulants linked to the baryon and antibaryon multiplicities and their sum or difference in full…
Critical opalescence is a characteristic experimental signature of a second order phase transition in solid state physics. A new, experimentally accessible measure of opacity and of attenuation length in heavy ion reactions is suggested, as…
We argue that a crucial determinant of the acceptance dependence of fluctuation measures in heavy-ion collisions is the range of correlations in the momentum space, e.g., in rapidity, $\Delta y_{\rm corr}$. The value of $\Delta y_{\rm…
In heavy ion collisions particle distributions fluctuate from event to event. It is interesting to study local fluctuations of a specific particle specie, e.g. baryons, in the transverse plane. Fluctuations of the harmonic flow provide an…
One of the main goals of the RHIC Beam Energy Scan (BES) program is to study the QCD phase structure, which includes the search for the QCD critical point, over a wide range of chemical potential. Theoretical calculations predict that…
We use the linear sigma model with quarks to locate the critical end point in the effective QCD phase diagram accounting for fluctuations in temperature and quark chemical potential. For this purpose, we use the non-equilibrium formalism…
Quantum criticality is a central concept in condensed matter physics, but the direct observation of quantum critical fluctuations has remained elusive. Here we present an x-ray diffraction study of the charge density wave (CDW) in 2H-NbSe2…
We present measurements of cumulants of event-by-event net-proton distribution at mid-rapidity and their ratios up to the sixth order as a function of charged-particle multiplicity in Zr+Zr and Ru+Ru(isobars) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon…
The moments and moment products of conserved charges are believed to be sensitive to critical fluctuations, which have been adopted in determining the QCD critical point. Using a dynamical multiphase transport model, we reproduce the…
Higher moments of net-proton multiplicity distributions are applied to search for the QCD critical point. In this paper, we will present measurements for kurtosis ($\kappa$), skewness ($S$) and variance $\sigma^2$) of net-proton…
Light nuclei production is sensitive to the baryon density fluctuations and can be used to probe the QCD phase transition in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In this work, we studied the production of proton, deuteron, triton in central…