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Training large language models (LLMs) with synthetic reasoning data has become a popular approach to enhancing their reasoning capabilities, while a key factor influencing the effectiveness of this paradigm is the quality of the generated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhuojie Yang , Wentao Wan , Keze Wang

Recently, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved significant advancements across various domains, and corresponding evaluation benchmarks have been continuously refined and improved. In this process, benchmarks in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Jiacheng Ruan , Dan Jiang , Xian Gao , Ting Liu , Yuzhuo Fu , Yangyang Kang

Visual data comes in various forms, ranging from small icons of just a few pixels to long videos spanning hours. Existing multi-modal LLMs usually standardize these diverse visual inputs to a fixed resolution for visual encoders and yield…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Zuyan Liu , Yuhao Dong , Ziwei Liu , Winston Hu , Jiwen Lu , Yongming Rao

Multimodal Large Languages models have been progressing from uni-modal understanding toward unifying visual, audio and language modalities, collectively termed omni models. However, the correlation between uni-modal and omni-modal remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Chen Chen , ZeYang Hu , Fengjiao Chen , Liya Ma , Jiaxing Liu , Xiaoyu Li , Ziwen Wang , Xuezhi Cao , Xunliang Cai

In this paper, we introduce the MLM (Multiple Languages and Modalities) dataset - a new resource to train and evaluate multitask systems on samples in multiple modalities and three languages. The generation process and inclusion of semantic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Jason Armitage , Endri Kacupaj , Golsa Tahmasebzadeh , Swati , Maria Maleshkova , Ralph Ewerth , Jens Lehmann

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable language abilities. GPT-4, based on advanced LLMs, exhibits extraordinary multimodal capabilities beyond previous visual language models. We attribute this to the use of more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Feilong Chen , Minglun Han , Haozhi Zhao , Qingyang Zhang , Jing Shi , Shuang Xu , Bo Xu

Creating AI systems that can interact with environments over long periods, similar to human cognition, has been a longstanding research goal. Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant strides in…

Enterprise documents such as forms, invoices, receipts, reports, contracts, and other similar records, often carry rich semantics at the intersection of textual and spatial modalities. The visual cues offered by their complex layouts play a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Dongsheng Wang , Natraj Raman , Mathieu Sibue , Zhiqiang Ma , Petr Babkin , Simerjot Kaur , Yulong Pei , Armineh Nourbakhsh , Xiaomo Liu

Last year, multimodal architectures served up a revolution in AI-based approaches and solutions, extending the capabilities of large language models (LLM). We propose an \textit{OmniFusion} model based on a pretrained LLM and adapters for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Elizaveta Goncharova , Anton Razzhigaev , Matvey Mikhalchuk , Maxim Kurkin , Irina Abdullaeva , Matvey Skripkin , Ivan Oseledets , Denis Dimitrov , Andrey Kuznetsov

As a prominent direction of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have garnered increased attention from both industry and academia. Building upon pre-trained LLMs, this family of models further…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Chaoyou Fu , Yi-Fan Zhang , Shukang Yin , Bo Li , Xinyu Fang , Sirui Zhao , Haodong Duan , Xing Sun , Ziwei Liu , Liang Wang , Caifeng Shan , Ran He

Despite rapid progress in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) and emerging omni-modal architectures, current benchmarks remain limited in scope and integration, suffering from incomplete modality coverage, restricted interaction to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yue Jiang , Dingkang Yang , Minghao Han , Jinghang Han , Zizhi Chen , Yizhou Liu , Mingcheng Li , Peng Zhai , Lihua Zhang

Omnidirectional images (ODIs) provide full 360x180 view which are widely adopted in VR, AR and embodied intelligence applications. While multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on conventional 2D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Liu Yang , Huiyu Duan , Ran Tao , Juntao Cheng , Sijing Wu , Yunhao Li , Jing Liu , Xiongkuo Min , Guangtao Zhai

Recent advances in Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have unveiled great potential as visual assistants. However, most existing works focus on responding to individual instructions or using previous dialogues for contextual understanding.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Bo Li , Yuanhan Zhang , Liangyu Chen , Jinghao Wang , Fanyi Pu , Joshua Adrian Cahyono , Jingkang Yang , Ziwei Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in text understanding and embedding tasks. However, their potential in multimodal representation, particularly for item-to-item (I2I) recommendations, remains…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Chao Zhang , Haoxin Zhang , Shiwei Wu , Di Wu , Tong Xu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Enhong Chen

In this paper, we introduce and apply Operations Research Question Answering (ORQA), a new benchmark designed to assess the generalization capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the specialized technical domain of Operations…

Optimization modeling plays a critical role in the application of Operations Research (OR) tools to address real-world problems, yet they pose challenges and require extensive expertise from OR experts. With the advent of large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Chenyu Huang , Zhengyang Tang , Shixi Hu , Ruoqing Jiang , Xin Zheng , Dongdong Ge , Benyou Wang , Zizhuo Wang

Recent advances in joint audio-video generation have been remarkable, yet real-world applications demand strong per-modality fidelity, cross-modal alignment, and fine-grained synchronization. Reinforcement Learning (RL) offers a promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Guohui Zhang , XiaoXiao Ma , Jie Huang , Hang Xu , Hu Yu , Siming Fu , Yuming Li , Zeyue Xue , Lin Song , Haoyang Huang , Nan Duan , Feng Zhao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown strong performance in document image tasks, especially Optical Character Recognition (OCR). However, they struggle with Document Image Machine Translation (DIMT), which requires handling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Yupu Liang , Yaping Zhang , Zhiyang Zhang , Zhiyuan Chen , Yang Zhao , Lu Xiang , Chengqing Zong , Yu Zhou

GPT-4o, an all-encompassing model, represents a milestone in the development of large multi-modal language models. It can understand visual, auditory, and textual modalities, directly output audio, and support flexible duplex interaction.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-06 Zhifei Xie , Changqiao Wu

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to infer mental states in others, is pivotal for human social cognition. Existing evaluations of ToM in LLMs are largely limited to English, neglecting the linguistic diversity that shapes human cognition.…