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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language tasks, but their safety and morality remain contentious due to their training on internet text corpora. To address these concerns, alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Mohammad Bahrami Karkevandi , Nishant Vishwamitra , Peyman Najafirad

As more machine learning agents interact with humans, it is increasingly a prospect that an agent trained to perform a task optimally, using only a measure of task performance as feedback, can violate societal norms for acceptable behavior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Md Sultan Al Nahian , Spencer Frazier , Brent Harrison , Mark Riedl

Recent generative models have significantly advanced speech restoration tasks, yet their training objectives often misalign with human perceptual preferences, resulting in suboptimal quality. While post-training alignment has proven…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Junan Zhang , Xueyao Zhang , Jing Yang , Yuancheng Wang , Fan Fan , Zhizheng Wu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse natural language processing tasks, aligning these models with varying human preferences across multiple objectives remains a significant challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Biao Liu , Ning Xu , Junming Yang , Xin Geng

ChatGPT has achieved remarkable success in natural language understanding. Considering that recommendation is indeed a conversation between users and the system with items as words, which has similar underlying pattern with ChatGPT, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Yabin Zhang , Wenhui Yu , Erhan Zhang , Xu Chen , Lantao Hu , Peng Jiang , Kun Gai

Models that generate natural language explanations (NLEs) for their predictions have recently gained increasing interest. However, this approach usually demands large datasets of human-written NLEs for the ground-truth answers at training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Jesus Solano , Mardhiyah Sanni , Oana-Maria Camburu , Pasquale Minervini

Despite recent progress in text-to-image (T2I) generation, existing models often struggle to faithfully capture user intentions from short and under-specified prompts. While prior work has attempted to enhance prompts using large language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Mingrui Wu , Lu Wang , Pu Zhao , Fangkai Yang , Jianjin Zhang , Jianfeng Liu , Yuefeng Zhan , Weihao Han , Hao Sun , Jiayi Ji , Xiaoshuai Sun , Qingwei Lin , Weiwei Deng , Dongmei Zhang , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang , Rongrong Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown prominent performance in various downstream tasks and prompt engineering plays a pivotal role in optimizing LLMs' performance. This paper, not only as an overview of current prompt engineering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Haochen Li , Jonathan Leung , Zhiqi Shen

Speech representations learned from Self-supervised learning (SSL) models can benefit various speech processing tasks. However, utilizing SSL representations usually requires fine-tuning the pre-trained models or designing task-specific…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-12 Kai-Wei Chang , Wei-Cheng Tseng , Shang-Wen Li , Hung-yi Lee

Culture fundamentally shapes people's reasoning, behavior, and communication. As people increasingly use generative artificial intelligence (AI) to expedite and automate personal and professional tasks, cultural values embedded in AI models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Yan Tao , Olga Viberg , Ryan S. Baker , Rene F. Kizilcec

The active research topic of prompt engineering makes it evident that LLMs are sensitive to small changes in prompt wording. A portion of this can be ascribed to the inductive bias that is present in the LLM. By using an LLM's output as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Christian M. Angel , Francis Ferraro

Today's large language models (LLMs) are capable of supporting multilingual scenarios, allowing users to interact with LLMs in their native languages. When LLMs respond to subjective questions posed by users, they are expected to align with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Yang Liu , Masahiro Kaneko , Chenhui Chu

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate increasing conversational fluency, yet instilling them with nuanced, human-like emotional expression remains a significant challenge. Current alignment techniques often address surface-level output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Niranjan Chebrolu , Gerard Christopher Yeo , Kokil Jaidka

Large language models are increasingly used as computational tools for modeling human-like behavior. We introduce a behavioral induction framework that modifies model policies through fine-tuning on structured decision-making tasks: using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Nicola Milano , Davide Marocco

A well-engineered prompt can increase the performance of large language models; automatic prompt optimization techniques aim to increase performance without requiring human effort to tune the prompts. One leading class of prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Daniel Melcer , Qi Chen , Wen-Hao Chiang , Shweta Garg , Pranav Garg , Christian Bock

This paper studies gender bias in machine translation through the lens of Large Language Models (LLMs). Four widely-used test sets are employed to benchmark various base LLMs, comparing their translation quality and gender bias against…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Aleix Sant , Carlos Escolano , Audrey Mash , Francesca De Luca Fornaciari , Maite Melero

State-of-the-art neural dialogue systems excel at syntactic and semantic modelling of language, but often have a hard time establishing emotional alignment with the human interactant during a conversation. In this work, we bring Affect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-17 Nabiha Asghar , Ivan Kobyzev , Jesse Hoey , Pascal Poupart , Muhammad Bilal Sheikh

Visual explanation (attention)-guided learning uses not only labels but also explanations to guide model reasoning process. While visual attention-guided learning has shown promising results, it requires a large number of explanation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Yifei Zhang , Siyi Gu , Bo Pan , Guangji Bai , Meikang Qiu , Xiaofeng Yang , Liang Zhao

Existing approaches for aligning large language models with human preferences face a trade-off that requires a separate reward model (RM) for on-policy learning. In this paper, we present a novel alignment framework, SELF-JUDGE that (1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Sangkyu Lee , Sungdong Kim , Ashkan Yousefpour , Minjoon Seo , Kang Min Yoo , Youngjae Yu

Recent works have shown promising results of prompt tuning in stimulating pre-trained language models (PLMs) for natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, to the best of our knowledge, existing works focus on prompt-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Yuan Yao , Bowen Dong , Ao Zhang , Zhengyan Zhang , Ruobing Xie , Zhiyuan Liu , Leyu Lin , Maosong Sun , Jianyong Wang
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