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Named Entity Recognition (NER) is the task of identifying and classifying named entities in unstructured text. In the legal domain, named entities of interest may include the case parties, judges, names of courts, case numbers, references…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Stavroula Skylaki , Ali Oskooei , Omar Bari , Nadja Herger , Zac Kriegman

Automating the classification of negative treatment in legal precedent is a critical yet nuanced NLP task where misclassification carries significant risk. To address the shortcomings of standard accuracy, this paper introduces a more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 M. Mikail Demir , M. Abdullah Canbaz

This study examines the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLM) to improve access to legal texts in Senegal's judicial system. The emphasis is on the difficulties of extracting and organizing legal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Oumar Kane , Mouhamad M. Allaya , Dame Samb , Mamadou Bousso

Recently there have been many shared tasks targeting the detection of generated text from Large Language Models (LLMs). However, these shared tasks tend to focus either on cases where text is limited to one particular domain or cases where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Liam Dugan , Andrew Zhu , Firoj Alam , Preslav Nakov , Marianna Apidianaki , Chris Callison-Burch

Legal Entity Recognition (LER) is critical in automating legal workflows such as contract analysis, compliance monitoring, and litigation support. Existing approaches, including rule-based systems and classical machine learning models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Duraimurugan Rajamanickam

Software systems must comply with legal regulations, which is a resource-intensive task, particularly for small organizations and startups lacking dedicated legal expertise. Extracting metadata from regulations to elicit legal requirements…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Anmol Singhal , Travis Breaux

The ALTA shared tasks have been running annually since 2010. In 2024, the purpose of the task is to detect machine-generated text in a hybrid setting where the text may contain portions of human text and portions machine-generated. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Diego Mollá , Qiongkai Xu , Zijie Zeng , Zhuang Li

Recognizing entities in texts is a central need in many information-seeking scenarios, and indeed, Named Entity Recognition (NER) is arguably one of the most successful examples of a widely adopted NLP task and corresponding NLP technology.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Uri Katz , Matan Vetzler , Amir DN Cohen , Yoav Goldberg

Accurate Named Entity Recognition (NER) is crucial for various information retrieval tasks in industry. However, despite significant progress in traditional NER methods, the extraction of Complex Named Entities remains a relatively…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Hsiu-Wei Yang , Abhinav Agrawal

Understanding temporal relationships and accurately reconstructing the event timeline is important for case law analysis, compliance monitoring, and legal summarization. However, existing benchmarks lack specialized language evaluation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Claire Barale , Leslie Barrett , Vikram Sunil Bajaj , Michael Rovatsos

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) to legal documents. The use of convolutional and recurrent neural networks along with word embedding techniques have presented…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Mariana Y. Noguti , Eduardo Vellasques , Luiz S. Oliveira

NLP datasets annotated with human judgments are rife with disagreements between the judges. This is especially true for tasks depending on subjective judgments such as sentiment analysis or offensive language detection. Particularly in…

One type of machine learning, text classification, is now regularly applied in the legal matters involving voluminous document populations because it can reduce the time and expense associated with the review of those documents. One form of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Rishi Chhatwal , Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet , Robert Keeling , Jianping Zhang , Haozhen Zhao

With the increasing number of clinical trial reports generated every day, it is becoming hard to keep up with novel discoveries that inform evidence-based healthcare recommendations. To help automate this process and assist medical experts,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Juraj Vladika , Florian Matthes

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the development of Legal Artificial Intelligence (Legal AI) in recent years, enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of legal tasks. To advance research and applications of LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Zhitian Hou , Zihan Ye , Nanli Zeng , Tianyong Hao , Kun Zeng

In today world we are confronted with increasing amounts of information every day coming from a large variety of sources. People and co-operations are producing data on a large scale, and since the rise of the internet, e-mail and social…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-09-06 Maarten Banerveld , Nhien-An Le-Khac , Tahar Kechadi

In this article, we present a description of our systems as a part of our participation in the shared task namely Artificial Intelligence for Legal Assistance (AILA 2019). This is an integral event of Forum for Information Retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Baban Gain , Dibyanayan Bandyopadhyay , Arkadipta De , Tanik Saikh , Asif Ekbal

Estimating the similarity between two legal case documents is an important and challenging problem, having various downstream applications such as prior-case retrieval and citation recommendation. There are two broad approaches for the task…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Paheli Bhattacharya , Kripabandhu Ghosh , Arindam Pal , Saptarshi Ghosh

We present a benchmark suite of four datasets for evaluating the fairness of pre-trained language models and the techniques used to fine-tune them for downstream tasks. Our benchmarks cover four jurisdictions (European Council, USA,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Ilias Chalkidis , Tommaso Pasini , Sheng Zhang , Letizia Tomada , Sebastian Felix Schwemer , Anders Søgaard

Research has shown that Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) can be effectively applied to text classification as part of a predictive coding protocol. That said, most research to date has been conducted on data sets with short documents…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-12-23 Robert Keeling , Rishi Chhatwal , Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet , Jianping Zhang , Fusheng Wei , Haozhen Zhao , Shi Ye , Han Qin