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The simultaneous quantum estimation of multiple parameters can provide a better precision than estimating them individually. This is an effect that is impossible classically. We review the rich background of multi-parameter quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-28 Magdalena Szczykulska , Tillmann Baumgratz , Animesh Datta

Generally, the measurement process consists in coupling a system to a detector that can give a continuous output. However, it may be interesting to use as a detector a system with a discrete spectrum, especially in view of applications to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-06 Antonio Di Lorenzo

Estimating the dimension of an Hilbert space is an important component of quantum system identification. In quantum technologies, the dimension of a quantum system (or its corresponding accessible Hilbert space) is an important resource, as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-04 Akira Sone , Paola Cappellaro

Quantum-enhanced parameter estimation has widespread applications in many fields. An important issue is to protect the estimation precision against the noise-induced decoherence. Here we develop a general theoretical framework for improving…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-03 Yao Ma , Mi Pang , Libo Chen , Wen Yang

Precise estimation of physical parameters underpins both scientific discovery and technological development. A central goal of quantum metrology and sensing is to exploit quantum resources like entanglement to devise optimal strategies for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Zhao-Yi Zhou , Da-Jian Zhang

Quantum computers can be considered as a natural means for performing machine learning tasks for inherently quantum labeled data. Many quantum machine learning techniques have been developed for solving classification problems, such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-24 Andrey Kardashin , Yerassyl Balkybek , Vladimir V. Palyulin , Konstantin Antipin

Understanding the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity is among the most important problems in physics, for which quantum simulation can provide new insights. However, it remains challenging to characterize superconductivity in…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2025-09-19 Daniel K. Mark , Hong-Ye Hu , Joyce Kwan , Christian Kokail , Soonwon Choi , Susanne F. Yelin

We consider the problem of estimating multiple analytic functions of a set of local parameters via qubit sensors in a quantum sensor network. To address this problem, we highlight a generalization of the sensor symmetric performance bounds…

Estimation of quantum states and measurements is crucial for the implementation of quantum information protocols. The standard method for each is quantum tomography. However, quantum tomography suffers from systematic errors caused by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-19 Adam C. Keith , Charles H. Baldwin , Scott Glancy , E. Knill

Quantum metrology holds the promise of an early practical application of quantum technologies, in which measurements of physical quantities can be made with much greater precision than what is achievable with classical technologies. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-27 Jasminder S. Sidhu , Pieter Kok

Recently, variational quantum metrology was proposed for Hamiltonians with multiplicative parameters, wherein the estimation precision can be optimized via variational circuits. However, systems with generic Hamiltonians still lack these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-25 Le Bin Ho

In this paper, we present a general theory of finite quantum measurements, for which we assume that the state space of the measured system is a finite dimensional Hilbert space and that the possible outcomes of a measurement is a finite set…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Masanao Ozawa

We calculate the propagator of a particle caught in a Paul trap and subject to the continuous quantum measurement of its position. The probabilities of the measurement outputs, the possible trajectories of the particle, are also found. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 A. Camacho , A. Camacho-Galvan

The outcome of continuously measuring a quantum system is a string of data whose intricate correlation properties reflect the underlying quantum dynamics. In this paper we study the role of these correlation in reconstructing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-14 Joseph A. Smiga , Gabriel T. Landi

Hybrid quantum-classical optimization algorithms represent one of the most promising application for near-term quantum computers. In these algorithms the goal is to optimize an observable quantity with respect to some classical parameters,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-27 Leonardo Banchi , Gavin E. Crooks

Developing superior quantum sensing strategies ranging from ultra-high precision measurement to complex structural analysis is at the heart of quantum technologies. While strategies using quantum resources, such as entanglement among…

Measurement incompatibility is a cornerstone of quantum mechanics. In the context of estimating multiple parameters of a quantum system, this manifests as a fundamental trade-off between the precisions with which different parameters can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Simon K. Yung , Aritra Das , Jun Suzuki , Ping Koy Lam , Jie Zhao , Lorcán O. Conlon , Syed M. Assad

The dynamics of many open quantum systems are described by stochastic master equations. In the discrete-time case, we recall the structure of the derived quantum filter governing the evolution of the density operator conditioned to the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-03-23 Pierre Six , Philippe Campagne-Ibarcq , Landry Bretheau , Benjamin Huard , Pierre Rouchon

We introduce a procedure based on quantum expectation values of measurement observables to characterize quantum coherence. Our measure allows one to quantify coherence without having to perform tomography of the quantum state, and can be…

We describe a compact and reliable method to calculate the Fisher information for the estimation of a dynamical parameter in a continuously measured linear Gaussian quantum system. Unlike previous methods in the literature, which involve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-08 Marco G. Genoni