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Simulation-based inference (SBI) enables parameter inference by training neural networks on forward simulations. It is being applied both for intractable likelihoods as well as under time constraints on the posterior sampling. After…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-12 Leander Thiele

For complex simulation problems, inferring parameters often precludes the use of classical likelihood-based techniques due to intractable likelihoods. Simulation-based inference (SBI) methods offer a likelihood-free approach to directly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Haley Rosso , Talea Mayo

A central challenge in many areas of science and engineering is to identify model parameters that are consistent with prior knowledge and empirical data. Bayesian inference offers a principled framework for this task, but can be…

The standard approach to inference from cosmic large-scale structure data employs summary statistics that are compared to analytic models in a Gaussian likelihood with pre-computed covariance. To overcome the idealising assumptions about…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-24 Kiyam Lin , Maximilian von Wietersheim-Kramsta , Benjamin Joachimi , Stephen Feeney

Diffusion models have recently emerged as powerful learners for simulation-based inference (SBI), enabling fast and accurate estimation of latent parameters from simulated and real data. Their score-based formulation offers a flexible way…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-30 Jonas Arruda , Niels Bracher , Ullrich Köthe , Jan Hasenauer , Stefan T. Radev

Simulation-based inference (SBI) is emerging as a new statistical paradigm for addressing complex scientific inference problems. By leveraging the representational power of deep neural networks, SBI can extract the most informative…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-17 Huifang Lyu , James Alvey , Noemi Anau Montel , Mauro Pieroni , Christoph Weniger

Scattering networks are a class of designed Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with fixed weights. We argue they can serve as generic representations for modelling images. In particular, by working in scattering space, we achieve…

Bayesian imaging inverse problems in astrophysics and cosmology remain challenging, particularly in low-data regimes, due to complex forward operators and the frequent lack of well-motivated priors for non-Gaussian signals. In this paper,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-06 Sébastien Pierre , Erwan Allys , Pablo Richard , Roman Soletskyi , Alexandros Tsouros

Simulation-based inference has been popular for amortized Bayesian computation. It is typical to have more than one posterior approximation, from different inference algorithms, different architectures, or simply the randomness of…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-04 Yuling Yao , Bruno Régaldo-Saint Blancard , Justin Domke

Scientists and engineers employ stochastic numerical simulators to model empirically observed phenomena. In contrast to purely statistical models, simulators express scientific principles that provide powerful inductive biases, improve…

We present a Simulation-Based Inference (SBI) framework for cosmological parameter estimation via void lensing analysis. Despite the absence of an analytical model of void lensing, SBI can effectively learn posterior distributions through…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-09 Chen Su , Huanyuan Shan , Cheng Zhao , Wenshuo Xu , Jiajun Zhang

Simulation-Based Inference (SBI) is an approach to statistical inference where simulations from an assumed model are used to construct estimators and confidence sets. SBI is often used when the likelihood is intractable and to construct…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-05 Lorenzo Tomaselli , Valérie Ventura , Larry Wasserman

We introduce general scattering transforms as mathematical models of deep neural networks with l2 pooling. Scattering networks iteratively apply complex valued unitary operators, and the pooling is performed by a complex modulus. An…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-06-26 Stéphane Mallat , Irène Waldspurger

Bayesian inference for complex models with an intractable likelihood can be tackled using algorithms performing many calls to computer simulators. These approaches are collectively known as "simulation-based inference" (SBI). Recent SBI…

Simulation-based inference (SBI) enables cosmological parameter estimation when closed-form likelihoods or models are unavailable. However, SBI relies on machine learning for neural compression and density estimation. This requires large…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-29 Alex A. Saoulis , Davide Piras , Niall Jeffrey , Alessio Spurio Mancini , Ana M. G. Ferreira , Benjamin Joachimi

Constructing good representations is critical for learning complex tasks in a sample efficient manner. In the context of meta-learning, representations can be constructed from common patterns of previously seen tasks so that a future task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Halil Ibrahim Gulluk , Yue Sun , Samet Oymak , Maryam Fazel

Simulation-based inference (SBI) is rapidly establishing itself as a standard machine learning technique for analyzing data in cosmological surveys. Despite continual improvements to the quality of density estimation by learned models,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-03 Pablo Lemos , Miles Cranmer , Muntazir Abidi , ChangHoon Hahn , Michael Eickenberg , Elena Massara , David Yallup , Shirley Ho

Simulation-based inference (SBI) has become an important tool in cosmology for extracting additional information from observational data using simulations. However, all cosmological simulations are approximations of the actual universe, and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-08 Sébastien Pierre , Bruno Régaldo-Saint Blancard , ChangHoon Hahn , Michael Eickenberg

Extracting maximum cosmological information from current and upcoming large-scale structure data requires going beyond summary statistics as currently used in likelihood-based inference. Simulation-Based Inference (SBI) promises to enable…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-27 Giulio Scelfo , Satvik Mishra , Mauro Rigo , Roberto Trotta , Matteo Viel

Simulation-based inference (SBI) is the preferred framework for estimating parameters of intractable models in science and engineering. A significant challenge in this context is the large computational cost of simulating data from complex…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-18 Ayush Bharti , Daolang Huang , Samuel Kaski , François-Xavier Briol
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