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Automated clinical text anonymization has the potential to unlock the widespread sharing of textual health data for secondary usage while assuring patient privacy and safety. Despite the proposal of many complex and theoretically successful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 David Pissarra , Isabel Curioso , João Alveira , Duarte Pereira , Bruno Ribeiro , Tomás Souper , Vasco Gomes , André V. Carreiro , Vitor Rolla

Coding agents and LLM-powered applications routinely send potentially sensitive content to cloud LLM APIs where it may be logged, retained, used for training, or subpoenaed. Existing privacy tooling focuses on network-level encryption and…

Large language model (LLM)-based agents combine LLMs with external tools to automate tasks such as scheduling meetings, managing documents, or booking travel. While these integrations unlock powerful capabilities, they also create new and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jonathan Evertz , Merlin Chlosta , Lea Schönherr , Thorsten Eisenhofer

The generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools based on Large Language Models (LLMs) use billions of parameters to extensively analyse large datasets and extract critical private information such as, context, specific details,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Imdad Ullah , Najm Hassan , Sukhpal Singh Gill , Basem Suleiman , Tariq Ahamed Ahanger , Zawar Shah , Junaid Qadir , Salil S. Kanhere

The development and popularization of large language models (LLMs) have raised concerns that they will be used to create tailor-made, convincing arguments to push false or misleading narratives online. Early work has found that language…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Francesco Salvi , Manoel Horta Ribeiro , Riccardo Gallotti , Robert West

Tool calling agents are an emerging paradigm in LLM deployment, with major platforms such as ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini adding connectors and autonomous capabilities. However, the inherent unreliability of LLMs introduces fundamental…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Jinhao Zhu , Kevin Tseng , Gil Vernik , Xiao Huang , Shishir G. Patil , Vivian Fang , Raluca Ada Popa

The widespread availability of large-scale code datasets has fueled the rapid development of large language models (LLMs) for code-related tasks. These datasets may include sensitive personally identifiable information (PII), which can lead…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yifei Ge , Zhenpeng Chen , Weisong Sun , Yuchen Chen , Chunrong Fang , Juan Zhai , Xiaofang Zhang , Xia Feng , Yang Liu , Zhenyu Chen

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, clinicians have seen a large and sustained influx in patient portal messages, significantly contributing to clinician burnout. To the best of our knowledge, there are no large-scale public patient portal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Joseph Gatto , Parker Seegmiller , Timothy E. Burdick , Sarah Masud Preum

The future of conversational agents will provide users with personalized information responses. However, a significant challenge in developing models is the lack of large-scale dialogue datasets that span multiple sessions and reflect…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Hideaki Joko , Shubham Chatterjee , Andrew Ramsay , Arjen P. de Vries , Jeff Dalton , Faegheh Hasibi

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer powerful capabilities for natural language understanding, enabling more intelligent smart home assistants. However, existing systems often rely on cloud-based LLMs, raising concerns around user privacy and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Ziqi Yin , Mingxin Zhang , Daisuke Kawahara

Large Language Models (LLMs) generate responses based on user prompts. Often, these prompts may contain highly sensitive information, including personally identifiable information (PII), which could be exposed to third parties hosting these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shashie Dilhara Batan Arachchige , Hassan Jameel Asghar , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Dinusha Vatsalan , Dali Kaafar

In recent years, generative AI has undergone major advancements, demonstrating significant promise in augmenting human productivity. Notably, large language models (LLM), with ChatGPT-4 as an example, have drawn considerable attention.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Sida Peng , Wojciech Swiatek , Allen Gao , Paul Cullivan , Haoge Chang

Large language models (LLMs) have facilitated significant strides in generating conversational agents, enabling seamless, contextually relevant dialogues across diverse topics. However, the existing LLM-driven conversational agents have…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Juhye Ha , Hyeon Jeon , DaEun Han , Jinwook Seo , Changhoon Oh

Large language models (LLMs) have created new opportunities to enhance the efficiency of scholarly activities; however, challenges persist in the ethical deployment of AI assistance, including (1) the trustworthiness of AI-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Mengze Hong , Di Jiang , Chen Jason Zhang , Zichang Guo , Yawen Li , Jun Chen , Shaobo Cui , Zhiyang Su

Prominent Large Language Model (LLM) services from providers like OpenAI and Google excel at general tasks but often underperform on domain-specific applications. Current customization services for these LLMs typically require users to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zhaomin Wu , Jizhou Guo , Junyi Hou , Bingsheng He , Lixin Fan , Qiang Yang

This paper argues that large language model-based recommenders can displace today's attention-allocation machinery. LLM-based recommenders would ingest open-web content, infer a user's natural-language goals, and present information that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Seth Lazar , Luke Thorburn , Tian Jin , Luca Belli

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents are an emerging computing paradigm that blends generative machine learning with tools such as code interpreters, web browsing, email, and more generally, external resources. These agent-based systems…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Xiaohan Fu , Shuheng Li , Zihan Wang , Yihao Liu , Rajesh K. Gupta , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Earlence Fernandes

Service providers of large language model (LLM) applications collect user instructions in the wild and use them in further aligning LLMs with users' intentions. These instructions, which potentially contain sensitive information, are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Da Yu , Peter Kairouz , Sewoong Oh , Zheng Xu

LLM agents increasingly have access to private user data and act on the user's behalf when interacting with third-party systems. The user defines what may and must not be shared, and the agent must robustly follow that intent even when…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Qiaoyuan Zheng , Yiqu Yang , Qi Gao , Imanol Schlag

While communication strategies of Large Language Models (LLMs) are crucial for human-LLM interactions, they can also be weaponized to elicit private information, yet such stealthy attacks remain under-explored. This paper introduces the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Shuning Zhang , Jiaqi Bai , Linzhi Wang , Shixuan Li , Xin Yi , Hewu Li