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The ability to integrate information in the brain is considered to be an essential property for cognition and consciousness. Integrated Information Theory (IIT) hypothesizes that the amount of integrated information ($\Phi$) in the brain is…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-04-04 Jun Kitazono , Ryota Kanai , Masafumi Oizumi

Data missingness is a practical challenge of sustained interest to the scientific community. In this paper, we present Shades-of-Null, an evaluation suite for responsible missing value imputation. Our work is novel in two ways (i) we model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Falaah Arif Khan , Denys Herasymuk , Nazar Protsiv , Julia Stoyanovich

In the 21st century, many of the crucial scientific and technical issues facing humanity can be understood as problems associated with understanding, modelling, and ultimately controlling complex systems: systems comprised of a large number…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Thomas F. Varley

We introduce a parametric nonlinear transformation that is well-suited for Gaussianizing data from natural images. The data are linearly transformed, and each component is then normalized by a pooled activity measure, computed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Johannes Ballé , Valero Laparra , Eero P. Simoncelli

We introduce a Parametric Information Maximization (PIM) model for the Generalized Category Discovery (GCD) problem. Specifically, we propose a bi-level optimization formulation, which explores a parameterized family of objective functions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Florent Chiaroni , Jose Dolz , Ziko Imtiaz Masud , Amar Mitiche , Ismail Ben Ayed

In this paper, we introduce Partial Information Decomposition of Features (PIDF), a new paradigm for simultaneous data interpretability and feature selection. Contrary to traditional methods that assign a single importance value, our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Charles Westphal , Stephen Hailes , Mirco Musolesi

This paper reconsiders the problem of testing the equality of two unspecified continuous distributions. The framework, which we propose, allows for readable and insightful data visualisation and helps to understand and quantify how two…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-04 Bogdan Ćmiel , Teresa Ledwina

Diffusion models transform noise into data by injecting information that was captured in their neural network during the training phase. In this paper, we ask: \textit{what} is this information? We find that, in pixel-space diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Akhil Premkumar

Inspired by the traditional partial differential equation (PDE) approach for image denoising, we propose a novel neural network architecture, referred as NODE-ImgNet, that combines neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs) with…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-07 Xinheng Xie , Yue Wu , Hao Ni , Cuiyu He

There has been increasing interest in the integrated information theory (IIT) ofconsciousness, which hypothesizes that consciousness is integrated information withinneuronal dynamics. However, the current formulation of IIT poses both…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-07-04 Satohiro Tajima , Ryota Kanai

Investigation of the underlying physics or biology from empirical data requires a quantifiable notion of similarity - when do two observed data sets indicate nearly identical generating processes, and when they do not. The discriminating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-01-07 Ishanu Chattopadhyay , Hod Lipson

A reaction-coordinate--resolved information-theoretic analysis of chemical reactivity is developed using mutual information and partial information decomposition (PID). Along an intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC), a local empirical…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Kyunghoon Han , Miguel Gallegos

The integration and transfer of information from multiple sources to multiple targets is a core motive of neural systems. The emerging field of partial information decomposition (PID) provides a novel information-theoretic lens into these…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Ari Pakman , Amin Nejatbakhsh , Dar Gilboa , Abdullah Makkeh , Luca Mazzucato , Michael Wibral , Elad Schneidman

Deep learning models have proven to be effective on medical datasets for accurate diagnostic predictions from images. However, medical datasets often contain noisy, mislabeled, or poorly generalizable images, particularly for edge cases and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Ruhaan Singh , Sreelekha Guggilam

During a spontaneous change, a macroscopic physical system will evolve towards a macro-state with more realizations. This observation is at the basis of the Statistical Mechanical version of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, and it provides…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-04-22 Mengjie Zu , Arunkumar Bupathy , Daan Frenkel , Srikanth Sastry

Quantifying the similarity between datasets has widespread applications in statistics and machine learning. The performance of a predictive model on novel datasets, referred to as generalizability, depends on how similar the training and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-18 Marieke Stolte , Franziska Kappenberg , Jörg Rahnenführer , Andrea Bommert

A core feature of complex systems is that the interactions between elements in the present causally constrain each-other as the system evolves through time. To fully model all of these interactions (between elements, as well as ensembles of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-04-26 Thomas F. Varley

The normalizing layer has become one of the basic configurations of deep learning models, but it still suffers from computational inefficiency, interpretability difficulties, and low generality. After gaining a deeper understanding of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Chang Liu , Yuwen Yang , Yue Ding , Hongtao Lu

Non-ideal measurement computed tomography (NICT) employs suboptimal imaging protocols to expand CT applications. However, the resulting trade-offs degrade image quality, limiting clinical acceptability. Although deep learning methods have…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Rongjun Ge , Yuxin Liu , Zhan Wu , Shangwen Yang , Yuan Gao , Chenyu You , Ge Wang , Shuo Li , Yuting He , Yang Chen

Integrated information theory (IIT) starts from consciousness itself and identifies a set of properties (axioms) that are true of every conceivable experience. The axioms are translated into a set of postulates about the substrate of…