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Machine unlearning aims to remove unwanted information from a model, but many methods are inefficient for LLMs with large numbers of parameters or fail to fully remove the intended information without degrading performance on knowledge that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Shariqah Hossain , Lalana Kagal

Memory Editing (ME) has emerged as an efficient method to modify erroneous facts or inject new facts into Large Language Models (LLMs). Two mainstream ME methods exist: parameter-modifying ME and parameter-preserving ME (integrating extra…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Zihao Lin , Mohammad Beigi , Hongxuan Li , Yufan Zhou , Yuxiang Zhang , Qifan Wang , Wenpeng Yin , Lifu Huang

Sequential editing of structured knowledge in large language models allows targeted factual updates without retraining, yet existing methods often rely on complex regularization or constraint mechanisms whose necessity remains unclear. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zheng Wang , Kaixuan Zhang , Wanfang Chen , Jingwen Zhang , Xiaonan Lu

Large language models (LLMs) often suffer from catastrophic forgetting in continual learning (CL) scenarios, where performance on previously learned tasks degrades severely while training on sequentially arriving tasks. Although pioneering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Zhiyi Wan , Wanrou Du , Liang Li , Miao Pan , Xiaoqi Qin

Knowledge editing aims to update outdated or incorrect knowledge in large language models (LLMs). However, current knowledge editing methods have limited scalability for lifelong editing. This study explores the fundamental reason why…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Chenhui Hu , Pengfei Cao , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Post-training for large language models (LLMs) is constrained by the high cost of acquiring new knowledge or correcting errors and by the unintended side effects that frequently arise from retraining. To address these issues, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Yisu Wang , Ming Wang , Haoyuan Song , Wenjie Huang , Chaozheng Wang , Yi Xie , Xuming Ran

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) need efficient mechanisms to update knowledge without degrading existing capabilities. While intrinsic multimodal knowledge editing achieves strong reliability and locality, it often exhibits limited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Haoyuan Wang , Xiaohao Liu , Jiajie Su , Jianmao Xiao , Chaochao Chen

Knowledge editing, which aims to update the knowledge encoded in language models, can be deceptive. Despite the fact that many existing knowledge editing algorithms achieve near-perfect performance on conventional metrics, the models edited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jiakuan Xie , Pengfei Cao , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on various natural language tasks. However, they are trained on static corpora and their knowledge can become outdated quickly in the fast-changing world. This motivates the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Tianci Liu , Ruirui Li , Zihan Dong , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Qingyu Yin , Linjun Zhang , Haoyu Wang , Jing Gao

Large language models (LLMs) have recently transformed both the academic and industrial landscapes due to their remarkable capacity to understand, analyze, and generate texts based on their vast knowledge and reasoning ability.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Song Wang , Yaochen Zhu , Haochen Liu , Zaiyi Zheng , Chen Chen , Jundong Li

Model editing techniques are essential for efficiently updating knowledge in large language models (LLMs). However, the effectiveness of existing approaches degrades in massive editing scenarios, particularly when evaluated with practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yanbo Dai , Zhenlan Ji , Zongjie Li , Shuai Wang

Instruction-based image editing has garnered significant attention due to its direct interaction with users. However, real-world user instructions are immensely diverse, and existing methods often fail to generalize effectively to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Qifei Jia , Yu Liu , Yajie Chai , Xintong Yao , Qiming Lu , Yasen Zhang , Runyu Shi , Ying Huang , Guoquan Zhang

Knowledge editing (KE) aims to efficiently and precisely modify the behavior of large language models (LLMs) to update specific knowledge without negatively influencing other knowledge. Current research primarily focuses on white-box LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Xiaoshuai Song , Zhengyang Wang , Keqing He , Guanting Dong , Yutao Mou , Jinxu Zhao , Weiran Xu

The factual knowledge acquired during pre-training and stored in the parameters of Language Models (LMs) can be useful in downstream tasks (e.g., question answering or textual inference). However, some facts can be incorrectly induced or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Nicola De Cao , Wilker Aziz , Ivan Titov

Large language models (LLMs) are deployed on mobile devices to power killer applications such as intelligent assistants. LLMs pre-trained on general corpora often hallucinate when handling personalized or unseen queries, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Zhenyan Lu , Daliang Xu , Dongqi Cai , Zexi Li , Wei Liu , Fangming Liu , Shangguang Wang , Mengwei Xu

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized various domains, yet their utility comes with significant challenges related to outdated or problematic knowledge embedded during pretraining. This paper addresses the challenge of modifying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Akshaj Kumar Veldanda , Shi-Xiong Zhang , Anirban Das , Supriyo Chakraborty , Stephen Rawls , Sambit Sahu , Milind Naphade

Knowledge editing aims at updating knowledge of large language models (LLMs) to prevent them from becoming outdated. Existing work edits LLMs at the level of factual knowledge triplets. However, natural knowledge updates in the real world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Hao Peng , Xiaozhi Wang , Chunyang Li , Kaisheng Zeng , Jiangshan Duo , Yixin Cao , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

In this paper, we focus on editing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). Compared to editing single-modal LLMs, multimodal model editing is more challenging, which demands a higher level of scrutiny and careful consideration in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Siyuan Cheng , Bozhong Tian , Qingbin Liu , Xi Chen , Yongheng Wang , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Recent advances in AI-generated content (AIGC) have significantly accelerated image editing techniques, driving increasing demand for diverse and fine-grained edits. Despite these advances, existing image editing methods still face…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Shuyu Wang , Weiqi Li , Qian Wang , Shijie Zhao , Jian Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) can make predictions using parametric knowledge--knowledge encoded in the model weights--or contextual knowledge--knowledge presented in the context. In many scenarios, a desirable behavior is that LLMs give…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Yingfa Chen , Zhengyan Zhang , Xu Han , Chaojun Xiao , Zhiyuan Liu , Chen Chen , Kuai Li , Tao Yang , Maosong Sun