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Selecting appropriate training data is crucial for effective instruction fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs), which aims to (1) elicit strong capabilities, and (2) achieve balanced performance across a diverse range of tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Qirun Dai , Dylan Zhang , Jiaqi W. Ma , Hao Peng

Recent work shows that post-training datasets for LLMs can be substantially downsampled without noticeably deteriorating performance. However, data selection often incurs high computational costs or is limited to narrow domains. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Paramita Mirza , Lucas Weber , Fabian Küch

Data selection can reduce the amount of training data needed to finetune LLMs; however, the efficacy of data selection scales directly with its compute. Motivated by the practical challenge of compute-constrained finetuning, we consider the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Junjie Oscar Yin , Alexander M. Rush

Instruction tuning has unlocked powerful capabilities in large language models (LLMs), effectively using combined datasets to develop generalpurpose chatbots. However, real-world applications often require a specialized suite of skills…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Mengzhou Xia , Sadhika Malladi , Suchin Gururangan , Sanjeev Arora , Danqi Chen

Instruction tuning of language models has demonstrated the ability to enhance model generalization to unseen tasks via in-context learning using a few examples. However, typical supervised learning still requires a plethora of downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Himanshu Gupta , Saurabh Arjun Sawant , Swaroop Mishra , Mutsumi Nakamura , Arindam Mitra , Santosh Mashetty , Chitta Baral

As LLMs continue to scale, improving training efficiency increasingly depends on using data more effectively. Data selection addresses this problem by allocating a limited training budget to samples that best promote a target behavior.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Qihao Lin , Guanxu Chen , Dongrui Liu , Jing Shao

As a dominant paradigm, fine-tuning a pre-trained model on the target data is widely used in many deep learning applications, especially for small data sets. However, recent studies have empirically shown that training from scratch has the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Ziquan Liu , Yi Xu , Yuanhong Xu , Qi Qian , Hao Li , Xiangyang Ji , Antoni Chan , Rong Jin

Modern language models (LMs) increasingly require two critical resources: computational resources and data resources. Data selection techniques can effectively reduce the amount of training data required for fine-tuning LMs. However, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Hongming Li , Yang Liu , Chao Huang

Finetuning can be used to tackle domain-specific tasks by transferring knowledge. Previous studies on finetuning focused on adapting only the weights of a task-specific classifier or re-optimizing all layers of the pre-trained model using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Basel Barakat , Qiang Huang

Dataset pruning aims to construct a coreset capable of achieving performance comparable to the original, full dataset. Most existing dataset pruning methods rely on snapshot-based criteria to identify representative samples, often resulting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Xin Zhang , Jiawei Du , Yunsong Li , Weiying Xie , Joey Tianyi Zhou

Data quality and its effective selection are fundamental to improving the performance of machine translation models, serving as cornerstones for achieving robust and reliable translation systems. This paper presents a data selection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Mohammad Amin Ghanizadeh , Mohammad Javad Dousti

This work investigates the selection of high-quality pre-training data from massive corpora to enhance LMs' capabilities for downstream usage. We formulate data selection as a generalized Optimal Control problem, which can be solved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Yuxian Gu , Li Dong , Hongning Wang , Yaru Hao , Qingxiu Dong , Furu Wei , Minlie Huang

Dataset pruning aims to select a subset of a dataset for efficient model training. While data efficiency in natural language processing has primarily focused on within-corpus scenarios during model pre-training, efficient dataset pruning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Binh-Nguyen Nguyen , Yang He

Recent research shows that fine-tuning on benign instruction-following data can inadvertently undo the safety alignment process and increase a model's propensity to comply with harmful queries. While instruction-following fine-tuning is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Francisco Eiras , Aleksandar Petrov , Philip H. S. Torr , M. Pawan Kumar , Adel Bibi

The analysis of software requirement specifications (SRS) using Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods has been an important study area in the software engineering field in recent years. Especially thanks to the advances brought by deep…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Savas Yildirim , Mucahit Cevik , Devang Parikh , Ayse Basar

State-of-the-art machine learning often follows a two-stage process: $(i)$~pre-training on large, general-purpose datasets; $(ii)$~fine-tuning on task-specific data. In fine-tuning, selecting training examples that closely reflect the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Ayush Jain , Andrea Montanari , Eren Sasoglu

Pretrained language models (PLMs) trained on large-scale unlabeled corpus are typically fine-tuned on task-specific downstream datasets, which have produced state-of-the-art results on various NLP tasks. However, the data discrepancy issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Jiali Zeng , Yufan Jiang , Shuangzhi Wu , Yongjing Yin , Mu Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in general tasks, but adapting them to specialized domains relies on high-quality supervised fine-tuning (SFT) data. Although existing methods can identify subsets of high-quality data and reduce training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Zhaoyang Shang , Sibo Wei , Jianbin Guo , Rui Zhou , Lifeng Dong , Yin Luo

Data selection for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) aims to choose a high-quality subset from existing datasets, allowing the trained model to outperform baselines trained on the full dataset. However, the expanding body of research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Ziche Liu , Rui Ke , Yajiao Liu , Feng Jiang , Haizhou Li

Instruction tuning is a standard technique employed to align large language models to end tasks and user preferences after the initial pretraining phase. Recent research indicates the critical role of data engineering in instruction tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Wei Liu , Weihao Zeng , Keqing He , Yong Jiang , Junxian He