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This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of five leading large language models (LLMs) - Chat GPT 4o, Copilot Pro, Gemini Advanced, Claude Pro, and Meta AI - on their performance in solving calculus differentiation problems. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 In Hak Moon

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in a zero-shot fashion to assess mental health conditions, yet we have limited knowledge on what factors affect their accuracy. In this study, we utilize a clinical dataset of natural…

Large language models (LMs) such as GPT-3 have the surprising ability to do in-context learning, where the model learns to do a downstream task simply by conditioning on a prompt consisting of input-output examples. The LM learns from these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Sang Michael Xie , Aditi Raghunathan , Percy Liang , Tengyu Ma

This study investigates whether large language models (LLMs) exhibit consistent behavior (signal) or random variation (noise) when screening resumes against job descriptions, and how their performance compares to human experts. Using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Aryan Varshney , Venkat Ram Reddy Ganuthula

The growing complexity and diversity of news coverage have made framing analysis a crucial yet challenging task in computational social science. Traditional approaches, including manual annotation and fine-tuned models, remain limited by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Valeria Pastorino , Jasivan A. Sivakumar , Nafise Sadat Moosavi

Python developers rely on two major testing frameworks: \texttt{unittest} and \texttt{Pytest}. While \texttt{Pytest} offers simpler assertions, reusable fixtures, and better interoperability, migrating existing suites from \texttt{unittest}…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Altino Alves , João Eduardo Montandon , Andre Hora

In the era of rapid digital communication, vast amounts of textual data are generated daily, demanding efficient methods for latent content analysis to extract meaningful insights. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer potential for automating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ljubisa Bojic , Olga Zagovora , Asta Zelenkauskaite , Vuk Vukovic , Milan Cabarkapa , Selma Veseljević Jerkovic , Ana Jovančevic

As national security institutions increasingly integrate Artificial Intelligence (AI) into decision-making and content generation processes, understanding the inherent biases of large language models (LLMs) is crucial. This study presents a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Benjamin Jensen , Ian Reynolds , Yasir Atalan , Michael Garcia , Austin Woo , Anthony Chen , Trevor Howarth

We find that the best publicly available LLMs like GPT-4 and Claude currently perform poorly on basic legal text handling. This motivates the creation of a benchmark consisting of examples that lawyers and paralegals would expect LLMs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Andrew Blair-Stanek , Nils Holzenberger , Benjamin Van Durme

While Large Language Models have shown promise in cybersecurity applications, their effectiveness in identifying security threats within cloud deployments remains unexplored. This paper introduces AWS Cloud Security Engineering Eval, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Sarthak Munshi , Swapnil Pathak , Sonam Ghatode , Thenuga Priyadarshini , Dhivya Chandramouleeswaran , Ashutosh Rana

Sentiment analysis can aid in understanding people's opinions and emotions on social issues. In multilingual communities sentiment analysis systems can be used to quickly identify social challenges in social media posts, enabling government…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Koena Ronny Mabokela , Tim Schlippe , Matthias Wölfel

Cybersecurity education is challenging and it is helpful for educators to understand Large Language Models' (LLMs') capabilities for supporting education. This study evaluates the effectiveness of LLMs in conducting a variety of penetration…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Martin Nizon-Deladoeuille , Brynjólfur Stefánsson , Helmut Neukirchen , Thomas Welsh

There is growing interest in systems that generate captions for scientific figures. However, assessing these systems output poses a significant challenge. Human evaluation requires academic expertise and is costly, while automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Ting-Yao Hsu , Chieh-Yang Huang , Ryan Rossi , Sungchul Kim , C. Lee Giles , Ting-Hao K. Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to revolutionize various fields, including code development, robotics, finance, and education, due to their extensive prior knowledge and rapid advancements. This paper investigates how LLMs…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Liangliang Chen , Zhihao Qin , Yiming Guo , Jacqueline Rohde , Ying Zhang

Previous research has shown that journal article quality ratings from the cloud based Large Language Model (LLM) families ChatGPT and Gemini and the medium sized open weights LLM Gemma3 27b correlate moderately with expert research quality…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Mike Thelwall , Ehsan Mohammadi

Open-ended tasks are particularly challenging for LLMs due to the vast solution space, demanding both expansive exploration and adaptable strategies, especially when success lacks a clear, objective definition. Writing, with its vast…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Sian Gooding , Lucia Lopez-Rivilla , Edward Grefenstette

Understanding abstract meanings is crucial for advanced language comprehension. Despite extensive research, abstract words remain challenging due to their non-concrete, high-level semantics. SemEval-2021 Task 4 (ReCAM) evaluates models'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Hamoud Alhazmi , Jiachen Jiang

In this study, we investigate the capabilities and inherent biases of advanced large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 in the context of debate evaluation. We discover that LLM's performance exceeds humans and surpasses the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Xinyi Liu , Pinxin Liu , Hangfeng He

Research on Large Language Models (LLMs) has recently witnessed an increasing interest in extending the models' context size to better capture dependencies within long documents. While benchmarks have been proposed to assess long-range…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Thibaut Thonet , Jos Rozen , Laurent Besacier

Large language models (LLMs) have been prominent in various tasks, including text generation and summarisation. The applicability of LLMs to the generation of product reviews is gaining momentum, paving the way for the generation of movie…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Brendan Sands , Yining Wang , Chenhao Xu , Yuxuan Zhou , Lai Wei , Rohitash Chandra