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Content addressable memory (CAM) stands out as an efficient hardware solution for memory-intensive search operations by supporting parallel computation in memory. However, developing a CAM-based accelerator architecture that achieves…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Mengyuan Li , Shiyi Liu , Mohammad Mehdi Sharifi , X. Sharon Hu

The increasing computational demand of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) necessitates energy-efficient acceleration strategies. Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures based on Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) offer a promising…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-25 José Cubero-Cascante , Rebecca Pelke , Noah Flohr , Arunkumar Vaidyanathan , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

We propose a novel Hamming distance tolerant content-addressable memory (HD-CAM) for energy-efficient in memory approximate matching applications. HD-CAM implements approximate search using matchline charge redistribution rather than its…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Esteban Garzón , Roman Golman , Zuher Jahshan , Robert Hanhan , Natan Vinshtok-Melnik , Marco Lanuzza , Adam Teman , Leonid Yavits

Fast parallel search capabilities on large datasets provided by content addressable memories (CAM) are required across multiple application domains. However compared to RAM, CAMs feature high area overhead and power consumption, and as a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Leonid Yavits

Deep random forest (DRF), which incorporates the core features of deep learning and random forest (RF), exhibits comparable classification accuracy, interpretability, and low memory and computational overhead when compared with deep neural…

Analog content-addressable memories (aCAMs) based on memristors provide a promising pathway toward energy-efficient large-scale associative computing for Edge AI and embedded intelligence applications. They have been successfully applied to…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Paul-Philipp Manea , Aishwarya Natarajan , Jim Ignowski , John Paul Strachan , Luca Buonanno

Hyperdimensional (HD) computing involves encoding of baseline information into large hypervectors and repeated Boolean operations to generate the output class hypervectors which are stored in an associative memory. The classification task…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Arka Chakraborty , Franz Müller , Thomas Kämpfe , Shubham Sahay

We present QCAM, a quantum analogue of Content-Addressable Memory (CAM), useful for finding matches in two sequences of bit-strings. Our QCAM implementation takes advantage of Grover's search algorithm and proposes a highly-optimized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-02 Jan Balewski , Daan Camps , Katherine Klymko , Andrew Tritt

While memory-augmented neural networks (MANNs) offer an effective solution for few-shot learning (FSL) by integrating deep neural networks with external memory, the capacity requirements and energy overhead of data movement become enormous…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Hao-Wei Chiang , Chi-Tse Huang , Hsiang-Yun Cheng , Po-Hao Tseng , Ming-Hsiu Lee , An-Yeu , Wu

Accelerating finite automata processing is critical for advancing real-time analytic in pattern matching, data mining, bioinformatics, intrusion detection, and machine learning. Recent in-memory automata accelerators leveraging SRAMs and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Yi Huang , Zhiyu Chen , Dai Li , Kaiyuan Yang

Similarity search methods are widely used as kernels in various machine learning applications. Nearest neighbor search (NNS) algorithms are often used to retrieve similar entries, given a query. While there exist efficient techniques for…

Databases · Computer Science 2010-06-18 Rajendra Shinde , Ashish Goel , Pankaj Gupta , Debojyoti Dutta

The exponential growth of edge artificial intelligence demands material-focused solutions to overcome energy consumption and latency limitations when processing real-time temporal data. Physical reservoir computing (PRC) offers an…

Despite the impressive search rate of one key per clock cycle, the update stage of a random-access-memory-based content-addressable-memory (RAM-based CAM) always suffers high latency. Two primary causes of such latency include: (1) the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-06-28 Xuan-Thuan Nguyen , Trong-Thuc Hoang , Hong-Thu Nguyen , Katsumi Inoue , Cong-Kha Pham

Content Addressable Memories (CAMs) are considered a key-enabler for in-memory computing (IMC). IMC shows order of magnitude improvement in energy efficiency and throughput compared to traditional computing techniques. Recently, analog CAMs…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Jinane Bazzi , Jana Sweidan , Mohammed E. Fouda , Rouwaida Kanj , Ahmed M. Eltawil

Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence have given rise to transformative models, profoundly impacting our lives. These models demand massive volumes of data to operate effectively, exacerbating the data-transfer bottleneck inherent…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Zhicheng Xu , Che-Kai Liu , Chao Li , Ruibin Mao , Jianyi Yang , Thomas Kämpfe , Mohsen Imani , Can Li , Cheng Zhuo , Xunzhao Yin

While general-purpose computing follows Von Neumann's architecture, the data movement between memory and processor elements dictates the processor's performance. The evolving compute-in-memory (CiM) paradigm tackles this issue by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Dhandeep Challagundla , Ignatius Bezzam , Riadul Islam

The continuous shift of computational bottlenecks to the memory access and data transfer, especially for AI applications, poses the urgent needs of re-engineering the computer architecture fundamentals. Many edge computing applications,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-31 Georgios Papandroulidakis , Shady Agwa , Ahmet Cirakoglu , Themis Prodromakis

In this work, we present a novel non-volatile spin transfer torque (STT) assisted spin-orbit torque (SOT) based ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) with 5 transistors and 2 magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). We perform a comprehensive…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Siri Narla , Piyush Kumar , Azad Naeemi

Content-Addressable Memory (CAM) is a powerful abstraction for building memory caches, routing tables and hazard detection logic. Without a native CAM structure available on FPGA devices, their functionality must be emulated using the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Thomas B. Preußer , Monica Chiosa , Alexander Weiss , Gustavo Alonso

Ternary Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have shown a large potential for highly energy-constrained systems by virtue of their low power operation (due to ultra-low precision) with only a mild degradation in accuracy. To enable an…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Niharika Thakuria , Akul Malhotra , Sandeep K. Thirumala , Reena Elangovan , Anand Raghunathan , Sumeet K. Gupta