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Large Language Models (LLMs) inherit explicit and implicit biases from their training datasets. Identifying and mitigating biases in LLMs is crucial to ensure fair outputs, as they can perpetuate harmful stereotypes and misinformation. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Fatima Kazi , Alex Young , Yash Inani , Setareh Rafatirad

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly being adopted as research assistants, particularly for literature review and reference recommendation, yet little is known about whether they introduce demographic bias into citation workflows. This…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Jiangen He

Name-based gender prediction has traditionally categorized individuals as either female or male based on their names, using a binary classification system. That binary approach can be problematic in the cases of gender-neutral names that do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Zhiwen You , HaeJin Lee , Shubhanshu Mishra , Sullam Jeoung , Apratim Mishra , Jinseok Kim , Jana Diesner

This work provides an explanatory view of how LLMs can apply moral reasoning to both criticize and defend sexist language. We assessed eight large language models, all of which demonstrated the capability to provide explanations grounded in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Rongchen Guo , Isar Nejadgholi , Hillary Dawkins , Kathleen C. Fraser , Svetlana Kiritchenko

Large Language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have gained popularity in recent years with the advancement of Natural Language Processing (NLP), with use cases spanning many disciplines and daily lives as well. LLMs inherit explicit and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Fatima Kazi

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in user-facing applications, from providing medical consultations to job interview advice. Recent research suggests that these models are becoming increasingly proficient at inferring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Matthew Kearney , Reuben Binns , Yarin Gal

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for everyday communication tasks, including drafting interpersonal messages intended to influence and persuade. Prior work has shown that LLMs can successfully persuade humans and amplify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Amalie Brogaard Pauli , Maria Barrett , Max Müller-Eberstein , Isabelle Augenstein , Ira Assent

This paper examines how Large Language Models (LLMs) reproduce societal norms, particularly heterocisnormativity, and how these norms translate into measurable biases in their text generations. We investigate whether explicit information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Mae Sosto , Delfina Sol Martinez Pandiani , Laura Hollink

Large language models are quickly gaining momentum, yet are found to demonstrate gender bias in their responses. In this paper, we conducted a content analysis of social media discussions to gauge public perceptions of gender bias in LLMs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Kyrie Zhixuan Zhou , Madelyn Rose Sanfilippo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to be biased in prior work, as they generate text that is in line with stereotypical views of the world or that is not representative of the viewpoints and values of historically marginalized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Laura Biester

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to exhibit biases against LGBTQ+ populations. While safety training may lessen explicit expressions of bias, previous work has shown that implicit stereotype-driven associations often persist. In…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for recommendation tasks due to their general-purpose capabilities. While LLMs perform well in rich-context settings, their behavior in cold-start scenarios, where only limited signals such…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Alexandre Andre , Gauthier Roy , Eva Dyer , Kai Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence, demonstrating remarkable computational power and linguistic capabilities. However, these models are inherently prone to various biases stemming from their training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Riccardo Cantini , Giada Cosenza , Alessio Orsino , Domenico Talia

Bias is a disproportionate prejudice in favor of one side against another. Due to the success of transformer-based Masked Language Models (MLMs) and their impact on many NLP tasks, a systematic evaluation of bias in these models is needed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Jeongrok Yu , Seong Ug Kim , Jacob Choi , Jinho D. Choi

The influence of Large Language Models (LLMs) is rapidly growing, automating more jobs over time. Assessing the fairness of LLMs is crucial due to their expanding impact. Studies reveal the reflection of societal norms and biases in LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Jayanta Sadhu , Maneesha Rani Saha , Rifat Shahriyar

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in areas influencing societal outcomes, it is critical to understand their tendency to perpetuate and amplify biases. This study investigates whether LLMs exhibit biases in predicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Xinhua Wu , Qi R. Wang

The presence of social biases in large language models (LLMs) has become a significant concern in AI research. These biases, often embedded in training data, can perpetuate harmful stereotypes and distort decision-making processes. When…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Amirabbas Afzali , Amirreza Velae , Iman Ahmadi , Mohammad Aliannejadi

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in simulating human behaviour and social intelligence. However, they risk perpetuating societal biases, especially when demographic information is involved. We introduce…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Bryan Chen Zhengyu Tan , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled human-like responses across various tasks, raising questions about their ethical decision-making capabilities and potential biases. This study systematically evaluates how nine…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Wentao Xu , Yile Yan , Yuqi Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in educational tasks such as providing writing suggestions to students. Despite their potential, LLMs are known to harbor inherent biases which may negatively impact learners. Previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Thiemo Wambsganss , Xiaotian Su , Vinitra Swamy , Seyed Parsa Neshaei , Roman Rietsche , Tanja Käser