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The streaming instability (SI) is one of the most promising candidates for triggering planetesimal formation by producing dense dust clumps that undergo gravitational collapse. Understanding how the SI operates in realistic protoplanetary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-05 Chun-Yen Hsu , Min-Kai Lin

The streaming instability is one of the most promising pathways to the formation of planetesimals from pebbles. Understanding how this instability operates under realistic conditions expected in protoplanetary disks is therefore crucial to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-16 Min-Kai Lin , Chun-Yen Hsu

The collapse of dust particle clouds directly to km-sized planetesimals is a promising way to explain the formation of planetesimals, asteroids and comets. In the past, this collapse has been studied in stratified shearing box simulations…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-18 Andreas Schreiber , Hubert Klahr

The streaming instability (SI) is a leading candidate for planetesimal formation, which can concentrate solids through two-way aerodynamic interactions with the gas. The resulting concentrations can become sufficiently dense to collapse…

The streaming instability is a promising mechanism to induce the formation of planetesimals. Nonetheless, this process has been found in previous studies to require either a dust-to-gas surface density ratio or a dust size that is enhanced…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-19 Urs Schäfer , Anders Johansen

The streaming instability is considered one of the leading candidates for the formation of planetesimals, due to its ability to overcome the bouncing and fragmentation barriers. The formation of dense dust clumps through this process,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-17 Arnaud Pierens , Thomas Collin-Dufresne , Min-Kai Lin , Emmanuel DiFolco

The streaming instability (SI) has been extensively studied in the linear and non-linear regimes as a mechanism to concentrate solids and trigger planetesimal formation in the midplane of protoplanetary discs. A related dust settling…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-17 Leonardo Krapp , Andrew N. Youdin , Kaitlin M. Kratter , Pablo Benítez-Llambay

Planet formation via core accretion requires the production of km-sized planetesimals from cosmic dust. This process must overcome barriers to simple collisional growth, for which the Streaming Instability (SI) is often invoked. Dust…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-27 Colin P. McNally , Francesco Lovascio , Sijme-Jan Paardekooper

The streaming instability is a promising mechanism for planetesimal formation. The instability can rapidly form dense clumps that collapse self-gravitationally, which is efficient for large dust grains with the Stokes number on the order of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-04 Ryosuke T. Tominaga , Hidekazu Tanaka

Context: The streaming instability (SI) is a leading candidate for reaching solid densities sufficient to trigger the gravitational collapse needed for the formation of planetesimals. However, dust growth barriers appear to impede the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-14 V. Vallucci-Goy , U. Lebreuilly , M. -M. Mac Low , P. Hennebelle

The streaming instability, a promising mechanism to drive planetesimal formation in dusty protoplanetary discs, relies on aerodynamic drag naturally induced by the background radial pressure gradient. This gradient should vary in disks, but…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-09 Stanley A. Baronett , Chao-Chin Yang , Zhaohuan Zhu

The regions of protoplanetary discs where planets can form are believed to be weakly ionised, suggesting thereby that non-ideal magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) effects play an important role in the disc dynamics and in the planet formation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-14 Arnaud Pierens , Min-Kai Lin

We identify and study a number of new, rapidly growing instabilities of dust grains in protoplanetary disks, which may be important for planetesimal formation. The study is based on the recognition that dust-gas mixtures are generically…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-18 Jonathan Squire , Philip F. Hopkins

We develop simple, physically motivated models for drag-induced dust-gas streaming instabilities, which are thought to be crucial for clumping grains to form planetesimals in protoplanetary disks. The models explain, based on the physics of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-19 Jonathan Squire , Philip F. Hopkins

Dust concentration in protoplanetary disks (PPDs) is the first step towards planetesimal formation, a crucial yet highly uncertain stage in planet formation. Although the streaming instability (SI) is widely recognized as a powerful…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-23 Pinghui Huang , Xue-Ning Bai

The streaming instability (SI) is a mechanism to aerodynamically concentrate solids in protoplanetary disks and trigger the formation of planetesimals. The SI produces strong particle clumping if the ratio of solid to gas surface density --…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-15 Rixin Li , Andrew Youdin

The streaming instability (SI) is a leading mechanism for planetesimal formation, driving the aerodynamic concentration of solids in protoplanetary disks. The SI triggers strong clumping (i.e., strong enough for clumps to collapse) when the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-24 Jeonghoon Lim , Jacob B. Simon , Rixin Li , Olivia Brouillette , David G. Rea , Wladimir Lyra

The streaming instability is a popular candidate for planetesimal formation by concentrating dust particles to trigger gravitational collapse. However, its robustness against physical conditions expected in protoplanetary disks is unclear.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-25 Kan Chen , Min-Kai Lin

The streaming instability is a leading candidate mechanism to explain the formation of planetesimals. Yet, the role of this instability in the driving of turbulence in protoplanetary disks, given its fundamental nature as a linear…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-08 Urs Schäfer , Anders Johansen , Robi Banerjee

The streaming instability is a fundamental process that can drive dust-gas dynamics and ultimately planetesimal formation in protoplanetary discs. As a linear instability, it has been shown that its growth with a distribution of dust sizes…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-20 Chao-Chin Yang , Zhaohuan Zhu
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