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For more than a decade, researchers have measured progress in object recognition on ImageNet-based generalization benchmarks such as ImageNet-A, -C, and -R. Recent advances in foundation models, trained on orders of magnitude more data,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Megan Richards , Polina Kirichenko , Diane Bouchacourt , Mark Ibrahim

Recent progress in deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have enabled a simple paradigm of architecture design: larger models typically achieve better accuracy. Due to this, in modern CNN architectures, it becomes more important to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Jongheon Jeong , Jinwoo Shin

Progress in hardware model checking depends critically on high-quality benchmarks. However, the community faces a significant benchmark gap: existing suites are limited in number, often distributed only in representations such as BTOR2…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Guangyu Hu , Xiaofeng Zhou , Wei Zhang , Hongce Zhang

The successful training of deep neural networks requires addressing challenges such as overfitting, numerical instabilities leading to divergence, and increasing variance in the residual stream. A common solution is to apply regularization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Jörg K. H. Franke , Urs Spiegelhalter , Marianna Nezhurina , Jenia Jitsev , Frank Hutter , Michael Hefenbrock

Several recent papers have examined generalization in reinforcement learning (RL), by proposing new environments or ways to add noise to existing environments, then benchmarking algorithms and model architectures on those environments. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Alex Irpan , Xingyou Song

Despite significant advances in Reinforcement Learning (RL), model performance remains highly sensitive to algorithm and hyperparameter configurations, while generalization gaps across environments complicate real-world deployment. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Lingxiao Kong , Cong Yang , Oya Deniz Beyan , Zeyd Boukhers

Learning a policy with great generalization to unseen environments remains challenging but critical in visual reinforcement learning. Despite the success of augmentation combination in the supervised learning generalization, naively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Siao Liu , Zhaoyu Chen , Yang Liu , Yuzheng Wang , Dingkang Yang , Zhile Zhao , Ziqing Zhou , Xie Yi , Wei Li , Wenqiang Zhang , Zhongxue Gan

Due to the realization that deep reinforcement learning algorithms trained on high-dimensional tasks can strongly overfit to their training environments, there have been several studies that investigated the generalization performance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Safa Alver , Doina Precup

End-to-end training with full-depth backpropagation remains the dominant paradigm for optimizing deep neural networks, but its efficiency deteriorates as models grow deeper. Since every block must be executed and differentiated under a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yuming Zhang , Peizhe Wang , Tianyang Han , Hengyu Shi , Junhao Su , Dongzhi Guan , Jiabin Liu , Jiaji Wang

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely assumed to be translation-invariant, yet standard architectures exhibit a startling fragility: even a single-pixel shift can drastically degrade performance due to their reliance on spatially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Nuria Alabau-Bosque , Jorge Vila-Tomas , Paula Dauden-Oliver , Valero Laparra , Jesus Malo

Visual Reinforcement Learning (Visual RL), coupled with high-dimensional observations, has consistently confronted the long-standing challenge of out-of-distribution generalization. Despite the focus on algorithms aimed at resolving visual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Zhecheng Yuan , Sizhe Yang , Pu Hua , Can Chang , Kaizhe Hu , Huazhe Xu

Deep Reinforcement Learning has shown great success in a variety of control tasks. However, it is unclear how close we are to the vision of putting Deep RL into practice to solve real world problems. In particular, common practice in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-21 Chenyang Zhao , Olivier Sigaud , Freek Stulp , Timothy M. Hospedales

A well-trained Convolutional Neural Network can easily be pruned without significant loss of performance. This is because of unnecessary overlap in the features captured by the network's filters. Innovations in network architecture such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Aaditya Prakash , James Storer , Dinei Florencio , Cha Zhang

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved breakthrough results on many tasks, but agents often fail to generalize beyond the environment they were trained in. As a result, deep RL algorithms that promote generalization are receiving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Charles Packer , Katelyn Gao , Jernej Kos , Philipp Krähenbühl , Vladlen Koltun , Dawn Song

Despite several algorithmic advances in the training of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) over the years, their generalization capabilities are still subpar across several pertinent domains, particularly within open-set tasks often found…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Colton R. Crum , Adam Czajka

Our work focuses on training RL agents on multiple visually diverse environments to improve observational generalization performance. In prior methods, policy and value networks are separately optimized using a disjoint network architecture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Seungyong Moon , JunYeong Lee , Hyun Oh Song

Recent advances in reinforcement learning for large language models have converged on increasing complexity: multi-stage training pipelines, dynamic hyperparameter schedules, and curriculum learning strategies. This raises a fundamental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Bingxiang He , Zekai Qu , Zeyuan Liu , Yinghao Chen , Yuxin Zuo , Cheng Qian , Kaiyan Zhang , Weize Chen , Chaojun Xiao , Ganqu Cui , Ning Ding , Zhiyuan Liu

Policy optimization, which finds the desired policy by maximizing value functions via optimization techniques, lies at the heart of reinforcement learning (RL). In addition to value maximization, other practical considerations arise as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Wenhao Zhan , Shicong Cen , Baihe Huang , Yuxin Chen , Jason D. Lee , Yuejie Chi

This paper investigates the critical role of eigenalignments between the kernel matrix and learning targets in achieving robust generalization in learning problems. We establish a direct connection between generalization performance in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-18 Yang Liu , Ernest Fokoue , Richard Lange , Daniel Krutz

Despite the significant progress of deep reinforcement learning (RL) in solving sequential decision making problems, RL agents often overfit to training environments and struggle to adapt to new, unseen environments. This prevents robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Xingyu Lu , Kimin Lee , Pieter Abbeel , Stas Tiomkin