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Instruction tuning for large language models (LLMs) has gained attention from researchers due to its ability to unlock the potential of LLMs in following instructions. While instruction tuning offers advantages for facilitating the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Hao Chen , Yiming Zhang , Qi Zhang , Hantao Yang , Xiaomeng Hu , Xuetao Ma , Yifan Yanggong , Junbo Zhao

Large language model (LLM) agents have shown promising performance in generating code for solving complex data science problems. Recent studies primarily focus on enhancing in-context learning through improved search, sampling, and planning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 He Wang , Alexander Hanbo Li , Yiqun Hu , Sheng Zhang , Hideo Kobayashi , Jiani Zhang , Henry Zhu , Chung-Wei Hang , Patrick Ng

In this paper, we ask: what truly determines the effectiveness of RL training data for enhancing language models' reasoning capabilities? While recent advances like o1, Deepseek R1, and Kimi1.5 demonstrate RL's potential, the lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xuefeng Li , Haoyang Zou , Pengfei Liu

Large language models (LLMs) can be used to generate text data for training and evaluating other models. However, creating high-quality datasets with LLMs can be challenging. In this work, we explore human-AI partnerships to facilitate high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-11 John Joon Young Chung , Ece Kamar , Saleema Amershi

Large language models (LLMs) are widely adopted to generate synthetic datasets for various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, such as text classification and summarization. However, accurately measuring the diversity of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Yuchang Zhu , Huizhe Zhang , Bingzhe Wu , Jintang Li , Zibin Zheng , Peilin Zhao , Liang Chen , Yatao Bian

Recently, competition in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) has intensified among major technological companies, resulting in the continuous release of new large-language models (LLMs) that exhibit improved language understanding and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Sinnyum Choi , Woong Kim

Accurate assessment of cognitive decline from spontaneous speech remains challenging due to limited dataset size and class imbalance. In this work, we propose a large language model (LLM)-driven data augmentation framework to improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Si-Belkacem Yamine Ketir , Lenard Paulo Tamayo , Shohei Hisada , Shaowen Peng , Shoko Wakamiya , Eiji Aramaki

Multimodal large language models are typically trained in two stages: first pre-training on image-text pairs, and then fine-tuning using supervised vision-language instruction data. Recent studies have shown that large language models can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Lai Wei , Xiaozhe Li , Zihao Jiang , Weiran Huang , Lichao Sun

Due to the scarcity of high-quality data, large language models (LLMs) are often trained on mixtures of data with varying quality levels, even after sophisticated data curation. A natural approach to better leverage high-quality data is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kairong Luo , Zhenbo Sun , Haodong Wen , Xinyu Shi , Jiarui Cui , Chenyi Dang , Kaifeng Lyu , Wenguang Chen

Evaluation of large language model (LLM) outputs requires users to make critical judgments about the best outputs across various configurations. This process is costly and takes time given the large amounts of data. LLMs are increasingly…

To acquire a new skill, humans learn better and faster if a tutor, based on their current knowledge level, informs them of how much attention they should pay to particular content or practice problems. Similarly, a machine learning model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Xinyi Wang , Hieu Pham , Paul Michel , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Jaime Carbonell , Graham Neubig

Effective data-driven biomedical discovery requires data curation: a time-consuming process of finding, organizing, distilling, integrating, interpreting, annotating, and validating diverse information into a structured form suitable for…

LLM alignment ensures that large language models behave safely and effectively by aligning their outputs with human values, goals, and intentions. Aligning LLMs employ huge amounts of data, computation, and time. Moreover, curating data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Amrit Khera , Rajat Ghosh , Debojyoti Dutta

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the effectiveness of Iterative Self-Improvement (ISI) techniques. However, continuous training on self-generated data leads to reduced output diversity, a limitation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Yiwei Qin , Yixiu Liu , Pengfei Liu

With the capabilities of understanding and executing natural language instructions, Large language models (LLMs) can potentially act as a powerful tool for textual data augmentation. However, the quality of augmented data depends heavily on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Yichuan Li , Kaize Ding , Jianling Wang , Kyumin Lee

Not a day goes by without hearing about the impressive feats of large language models (LLMs), and equally, not a day passes without hearing about their challenges. LLMs are notoriously vulnerable to biases in their dataset, leading to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Sayem Mohammad Imtiaz , Astha Singh , Fraol Batole , Hridesh Rajan

Mathematical reasoning continues to be a critical challenge in large language model (LLM) development with significant interest. However, most of the cutting-edge progress in mathematical reasoning with LLMs has become \emph{closed-source}…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Shubham Toshniwal , Wei Du , Ivan Moshkov , Branislav Kisacanin , Alexan Ayrapetyan , Igor Gitman

High-quality, error-free datasets are a key ingredient in building reliable, accurate, and unbiased machine learning (ML) models. However, real world datasets often suffer from errors due to sensor malfunctions, data entry mistakes, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Tommaso Bendinelli , Artur Dox , Christian Holz

The quality of meeting summaries generated by natural language generation (NLG) systems is hard to measure automatically. Established metrics such as ROUGE and BERTScore have a relatively low correlation with human judgments and fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Frederic Kirstein , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various natural language processing tasks. However, achieving strong performance in specialized domains like mathematical reasoning and non-English languages often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Huy Hoang Ha