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Large Language Models (LLMs) based on Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) are pivotal in industrial applications for their ability to scale performance efficiently. However, standard MoEs enforce uniform expert sizes,creating a rigidity that fails to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zhicheng Ma , Xiang Liu , Zhaoxiang Liu , Ning Wang , Yi Shen , Kai Wang , Shuming Shi , Shiguo Lian

Recent research explores optimization using large language models (LLMs) by either iteratively seeking next-step solutions from LLMs or directly prompting LLMs for an optimizer. However, these approaches exhibit inherent limitations,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-06 Zeyuan Ma , Hongshu Guo , Jiacheng Chen , Guojun Peng , Zhiguang Cao , Yining Ma , Yue-Jiao Gong

Large language models have achieved remarkable success in various tasks but suffer from high computational costs during inference, limiting their deployment in resource-constrained applications. To address this issue, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Wenhao Zheng , Yixiao Chen , Weitong Zhang , Souvik Kundu , Yun Li , Zhengzhong Liu , Eric P. Xing , Hongyi Wang , Huaxiu Yao

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have shown strong multilingual capabilities, yet the internal mechanisms underlying performance gains and cross-language differences remain insufficiently understood. In this work, we conduct a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuxin Chen , Zhengzhou Cai , Xiangtian Ji , Weixiang Zhao , An Zhang , Xiang Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture enables the scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) to trillions of parameters by activating a sparse subset of weights for each input, maintaining constant computational cost during inference.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Shihao Ji , Zihui Song

The rapid advancement toward sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks has significantly intensified the complexity and scale of optimization problems, including resource allocation and trajectory design, often formulated as combinatorial…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Bisheng Wei , Ruihong Jiang , Ruichen Zhang , Yinqiu Liu , Dusit Niyato , Yaohua Sun , Yang Lu , Yonghui Li , Shiwen Mao , Chau Yuen , Marco Di Renzo , Mugen Peng

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) with varying computational costs and performance profiles presents a critical challenge for scalable, cost-effective deployment in real-world applications. We introduce a unified routing…

Though large language models (LLMs) have enabled great success across a wide variety of tasks, they still appear to fall short of one of the loftier goals of artificial intelligence research: creating an artificial system that can adapt its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Michael A. Lepori , Tal Linzen , Ann Yuan , Katja Filippova

Reasoning Large Language Models (LLMs) enable test-time scaling, with dataset-level accuracy improving as the token budget increases, motivating adaptive reasoning -- spending tokens when they improve reliability and stopping early when…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Xi Wang , Anushri Suresh , Alvin Zhang , Rishi More , William Jurayj , Benjamin Van Durme , Mehrdad Farajtabar , Daniel Khashabi , Eric Nalisnick

Many leading language models (LMs) use high-intensity computational resources both during training and execution. This poses the challenge of lowering resource costs for deployment and faster execution of decision-making tasks among others.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Zhixun Chen , Yali Du , David Mguni

Automated log analysis is crucial to ensure high availability and reliability of complex systems. The advent of LLMs in NLP has ushered in a new era of language model-driven automated log analysis, garnering significant interest. Within…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Lipeng Ma , Weidong Yang , Yixuan Li , Ben Fei , Mingjie Zhou , Shuhao Li , Sihang Jiang , Bo Xu , Yanghua Xiao

Most vision-language models (VLMs) apply a large language model (LLM) as the decoder, where the response tokens are generated sequentially through autoregression. Therefore, the number of output tokens can be the bottleneck of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Sixun Dong , Juhua Hu , Steven Li , Wei Wen , Qi Qian

We study the problem of routing queries to large language models (LLMs) under cost, GPU resources, and concurrency constraints. Prior per-query routing methods often fail to control batch-level cost, especially under non-uniform or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Jelena Markovic-Voronov , Kayhan Behdin , Yuanda Xu , Zhengze Zhou , Zhipeng Wang , Rahul Mazumder

Reasoning-oriented Large Language Models (LLMs) often rely on generating explicit tokens step by step, and their effectiveness typically hinges on large-scale supervised fine-tuning or reinforcement learning. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haoyu Zheng , Zhuonan Wang , Yuqian Yuan , Tianwei Lin , Wenqiao Zhang , Zheqi Lv , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang , Hongyang He

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in processing diverse data types, yet significant disparities persist between human cognitive processes and computational approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Dongxing Yu

Large language models (LLMs) are limited by substantial computational cost. We introduce a "computational economics" framework that treats an LLM as an internal economy of resource-constrained agents (attention heads and neuron blocks) that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Sandeep Reddy , Kabir Khan , Rohit Patil , Ananya Chakraborty , Faizan A. Khan , Swati Kulkarni , Arjun Verma , Neha Singh

Large language models (LLMs) have garnered unprecedented advancements across diverse fields, ranging from natural language processing to computer vision and beyond. The prowess of LLMs is underpinned by their substantial model size,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Weilin Cai , Juyong Jiang , Fan Wang , Jing Tang , Sunghun Kim , Jiayi Huang

The computational cost of training multimodal large language models (MLLMs) grows rapidly with the number of processed tokens. Existing efficiency methods mainly target inference via token reduction or merging, offering limited benefits…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Chaoyu Li , Yogesh Kulkarni , Pooyan Fazli

Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models (LLMs), which incorporate the non-parametric knowledge from external knowledge bases into LLMs, have emerged as a promising approach to enhancing response accuracy in several tasks, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Soyeong Jeong , Jinheon Baek , Sukmin Cho , Sung Ju Hwang , Jong C. Park

Recent advancements have shown that the Mixture of Experts (MoE) approach significantly enhances the capacity of large language models (LLMs) and improves performance on downstream tasks. Building on these promising results, multi-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Linglin Jing , Yuting Gao , Zhigang Wang , Wang Lan , Yiwen Tang , Wenhai Wang , Kaipeng Zhang , Qingpei Guo
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