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Current research on defending against adversarial examples focuses primarily on achieving robustness against a single attack type such as $\ell_2$ or $\ell_{\infty}$-bounded attacks. However, the space of possible perturbations is much…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Sihui Dai , Chong Xiang , Tong Wu , Prateek Mittal

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is a subfield of machine learning for training autonomous agents that take sequential actions across complex environments. Despite its significant performance in well-known environments, it remains…

We propose a novel family of decision-aware surrogate losses, called Perturbation Gradient (PG) losses, for the predict-then-optimize framework. The key idea is to connect the expected downstream decision loss with the directional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Michael Huang , Vishal Gupta

With the wide application of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques in complex fields such as autonomous driving, intelligent manufacturing, and smart healthcare, how to improve its security and robustness in dynamic and changeable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Wu Yichao , Wang Yirui , Ding Panpan , Wang Hailong , Zhu Bingqian , Liu Chun

Owing to the susceptibility of deep learning systems to adversarial attacks, there has been a great deal of work in developing (both empirically and certifiably) robust classifiers. While most work has defended against a single type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Pratyush Maini , Eric Wong , J. Zico Kolter

Neural networks are known to be highly sensitive to adversarial examples. These may arise due to different factors, such as random initialization, or spurious correlations in the learning problem. To better understand these factors, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-05 Elvis Dohmatob , Alberto Bietti

Adversarial training provides a means of regularizing supervised learning algorithms while virtual adversarial training is able to extend supervised learning algorithms to the semi-supervised setting. However, both methods require making…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-17 Takeru Miyato , Andrew M. Dai , Ian Goodfellow

Transferability is the property of adversarial examples to be misclassified by other models than the surrogate model for which they were crafted. Previous research has shown that early stopping the training of the surrogate model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Martin Gubri , Maxime Cordy , Yves Le Traon

We study the model robustness against adversarial examples, referred to as small perturbed input data that may however fool many state-of-the-art deep learning models. Unlike previous research, we establish a novel theory addressing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Shufei Zhang , Kaizhu Huang , Zenglin Xu

Instances-reweighted adversarial training (IRAT) can significantly boost the robustness of trained models, where data being less/more vulnerable to the given attack are assigned smaller/larger weights during training. However, when tested…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Ruize Gao , Feng Liu , Kaiwen Zhou , Gang Niu , Bo Han , James Cheng

This paper studies the adversarial robustness of conformal novelty detection. In particular, we focus on two powerful learning-based frameworks that come with finite-sample false discovery rate (FDR) control: one is AdaDetect (by Marandon…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-03 Daofu Zhang , Mehrdad Pournaderi , Hanne M. Clifford , Yu Xiang , Pramod K. Varshney

Adversarial training and its variants have become de facto standards for learning robust deep neural networks. In this paper, we explore the landscape around adversarial training in a bid to uncover its limits. We systematically study the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-31 Sven Gowal , Chongli Qin , Jonathan Uesato , Timothy Mann , Pushmeet Kohli

Complex autonomous control systems are subjected to sensor failures, cyber-attacks, sensor noise, communication channel failures, etc. that introduce errors in the measurements. The corrupted information, if used for making decisions, can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-19 Abhishek Gupta , Zhaoyuan Yang

Safe reinforcement learning (Safe RL) aims to ensure policy performance while satisfying safety constraints. However, most existing Safe RL methods assume benign environments, making them vulnerable to adversarial perturbations commonly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Jialiang Fan , Shixiong Jiang , Mengyu Liu , Fanxin Kong

Federated Learning remains highly susceptible to backdoor attacks--malicious clients inject targeted behaviours into the global model. Existing defenses suffer from substantial false-positive rates under realistic non-independent and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Fatima Z. Abacha , Sin G. Teo , Yuanxiang Wu , Lucas C. Cordeiro , Mustafa A. Mustafa

We study the robustness of machine learning approaches to adversarial perturbations, with a focus on supervised learning scenarios. We find that typical phase classifiers based on deep neural networks are extremely vulnerable to adversarial…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-01-26 Si Jiang , Sirui Lu , Dong-Ling Deng

Recent work has demonstrated that deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples---inputs that are almost indistinguishable from natural data and yet classified incorrectly by the network. In fact, some of the latest findings…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-06 Aleksander Madry , Aleksandar Makelov , Ludwig Schmidt , Dimitris Tsipras , Adrian Vladu

Adversarial examples are a pervasive phenomenon of machine learning models where seemingly imperceptible perturbations to the input lead to misclassifications for otherwise statistically accurate models. In this paper we study how the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Marc Khoury

Recently, adversarial training has been incorporated in self-supervised contrastive pre-training to augment label efficiency with exciting adversarial robustness. However, the robustness came at a cost of expensive adversarial training. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Yijiang Pang , Boyang Liu , Jiayu Zhou

Traditional (fickle) adversarial examples involve finding a small perturbation that does not change an input's true label but confuses the classifier into outputting a different prediction. Conversely, obstinate adversarial examples occur…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Hannah Chen , Yangfeng Ji , David Evans