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Document layout analysis is crucial for understanding document structures. On this task, vision and semantics of documents, and relations between layout components contribute to the understanding process. Though many works have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Peng Zhang , Can Li , Liang Qiao , Zhanzhan Cheng , Shiliang Pu , Yi Niu , Fei Wu

Modeling and leveraging layout reading order in visually-rich documents (VrDs) is critical in document intelligence as it captures the rich structure semantics within documents. Previous works typically formulated layout reading order as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Chong Zhang , Yi Tu , Yixi Zhao , Chenshu Yuan , Huan Chen , Yue Zhang , Mingxu Chai , Ya Guo , Huijia Zhu , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui

Question answering over visually rich documents (VRDs) requires reasoning not only over isolated content but also over documents' structural organization and cross-page dependencies. However, conventional retrieval-augmented generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhivar Sourati , Zheng Wang , Marianne Menglin Liu , Yazhe Hu , Mengqing Guo , Sujeeth Bharadwaj , Kyu Han , Tao Sheng , Sujith Ravi , Morteza Dehghani , Dan Roth

Domain-specific Visually Rich Document Understanding (VRDU) presents significant challenges due to the complexity and sensitivity of documents in fields such as medicine, finance, and material science. Existing Large (Multimodal) Language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yihao Ding , Soyeon Caren Han , Yanbei Jiang , Yan Li , Zechuan Li , Yifan Peng

The joint understanding of vision and language has been recently gaining a lot of attention in both the Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing communities, with the emergence of tasks such as image captioning, image-text matching,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Matteo Stefanini , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Content-aware layout aims to arrange design elements appropriately on a given canvas to convey information effectively. Recently, the trend for this task has been to leverage large language models (LLMs) to generate layouts automatically,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Jiaxu Tian , Xuehui Yu , Yaoxing Wang , Pan Wang , Guangqian Guo , Shan Gao

Vision-Language (VL) models have garnered considerable research interest; however, they still face challenges in effectively handling text within images. To address this limitation, researchers have developed two approaches. The first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jonathan Fhima , Elad Ben Avraham , Oren Nuriel , Yair Kittenplon , Roy Ganz , Aviad Aberdam , Ron Litman

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable performance in Visually Rich Document Understanding (VRDU) tasks, but their capabilities are mainly evaluated on pristine, well-structured document images. We consider…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zichun Guo , Yuling Shi , Wenhao Zeng , Chao Hu , Haotian Lin , Terry Yue Zhuo , Jiawei Chen , Xiaodong Gu , Wenping Ma

With the recent progress in large-scale vision and language representation learning, Vision Language Pre-training (VLP) models have achieved promising improvements on various multi-modal downstream tasks. Albeit powerful, these models have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Jiahua Rao , Zifei Shan , Longpo Liu , Yao Zhou , Yuedong Yang

Visual document understanding (VDU) is a challenging task that involves understanding documents across various modalities (text and image) and layouts (forms, tables, etc.). This study aims to enhance generalizability of small VDU models by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Sungnyun Kim , Haofu Liao , Srikar Appalaraju , Peng Tang , Zhuowen Tu , Ravi Kumar Satzoda , R. Manmatha , Vijay Mahadevan , Stefano Soatto

Natural language understanding (NLU) using neural network pipelines often requires additional context that is not solely present in the input data. Through Prior research, it has been evident that NLU benchmarks are susceptible to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Yuxin Zi , Hariram Veeramani , Kaushik Roy , Amit Sheth

The automated generation of layouts is vital for embodied intelligence and autonomous systems, supporting applications from virtual environment construction to home robot deployment. Current approaches, however, suffer from spatial…

Layout is a fundamental component of any graphic design. Creating large varieties of plausible document layouts can be a tedious task, requiring numerous constraints to be satisfied, including local ones relating different semantic elements…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Akshay Gadi Patil , Omri Ben-Eliezer , Or Perel , Hadar Averbuch-Elor

Pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) exhibit strong generalization capabilities, enabling them to recognize a wide range of objects across diverse domains without additional training. However, they often retain irrelevant information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Kodai Kawamura , Yuta Goto , Rintaro Yanagi , Hirokatsu Kataoka , Go Irie

Understanding visually situated language requires interpreting complex layouts of textual and visual elements. Pre-processing tools, such as optical character recognition (OCR), can map document image inputs to textual tokens, then large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Wang Zhu , Alekh Agarwal , Mandar Joshi , Robin Jia , Jesse Thomason , Kristina Toutanova

Reinforcement Learning Finetuning (RFT) has significantly advanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by enabling long chains of thought, self-correction, and effective tool use. While recent works attempt to extend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Mingyuan Wu , Jingcheng Yang , Jize Jiang , Meitang Li , Kaizhuo Yan , Hanchao Yu , Minjia Zhang , Chengxiang Zhai , Klara Nahrstedt

Text is ubiquitous in our visual world, conveying crucial information, such as in documents, websites, and everyday photographs. In this work, we propose UReader, a first exploration of universal OCR-free visually-situated language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Jiabo Ye , Anwen Hu , Haiyang Xu , Qinghao Ye , Ming Yan , Guohai Xu , Chenliang Li , Junfeng Tian , Qi Qian , Ji Zhang , Qin Jin , Liang He , Xin Alex Lin , Fei Huang

Physically rearranging objects is an important capability for embodied agents. Visual room rearrangement evaluates an agent's ability to rearrange objects in a room to a desired goal based solely on visual input. We propose a simple yet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Brandon Trabucco , Gunnar Sigurdsson , Robinson Piramuthu , Gaurav S. Sukhatme , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

With the increasing adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs), rich document analysis technologies for applications like Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and visual RAG are gaining significant attention.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Nobuhiro Ueda , Yuyang Dong , Krisztián Boros , Daiki Ito , Takuya Sera , Masafumi Oyamada

Document parsing from scanned images into structured formats remains a significant challenge due to its complexly intertwined elements such as text paragraphs, figures, formulas, and tables. Existing supervised fine-tuning methods often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Baode Wang , Biao Wu , Weizhen Li , Meng Fang , Zuming Huang , Jun Huang , Haozhe Wang , Yanjie Liang , Ling Chen , Wei Chu , Yuan Qi