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The performance of deep (reinforcement) learning systems crucially depends on the choice of hyperparameters. Their tuning is notoriously expensive, typically requiring an iterative training process to run for numerous steps to convergence.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Vu Nguyen , Sebastian Schulze , Michael A Osborne

Bayesian optimization is a powerful tool for optimizing an expensive-to-evaluate black-box function. In particular, the effectiveness of expected improvement (EI) has been demonstrated in a wide range of applications. However, theoretical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-01 Shion Takeno , Yu Inatsu , Masayuki Karasuyama , Ichiro Takeuchi

We consider online optimization with binary decision variables and convex loss functions. We design a new algorithm, binary online gradient descent (bOGD) and bound its expected dynamic regret. We provide a regret bound that holds for any…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-21 Antoine Lesage-Landry , Joshua A. Taylor , Duncan S. Callaway

Sample efficiency is one of the key factors when applying policy search to real-world problems. In recent years, Bayesian Optimization (BO) has become prominent in the field of robotics due to its sample efficiency and little prior…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Lukas P. Fröhlich , Melanie N. Zeilinger , Edgar D. Klenske

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is a class of black-box, surrogate-based heuristics that can efficiently optimize problems that are expensive to evaluate, and hence admit only small evaluation budgets. BO is particularly popular for solving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Maria Laura Santoni , Elena Raponi , Renato De Leone , Carola Doerr

The contextual combinatorial semi-bandit problem with linear payoff functions is a decision-making problem in which a learner chooses a set of arms with the feature vectors in each round under given constraints so as to maximize the sum of…

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a sample-efficient approach to optimizing costly-to-evaluate black-box functions. Most BO methods ignore how evaluation costs may vary over the optimization domain. However, these costs can be highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Raul Astudillo , Daniel R. Jiang , Maximilian Balandat , Eytan Bakshy , Peter I. Frazier

Online bilevel optimization (OBO) is a powerful framework for machine learning problems where both outer and inner objectives evolve over time, requiring dynamic updates. Current OBO approaches rely on deterministic \textit{window-smoothed}…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Parvin Nazari , Bojian Hou , Davoud Ataee Tarzanagh , Li Shen , George Michailidis

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a global optimization strategy designed to find the minimum of an expensive black-box function, typically defined on a compact subset of $\mathcal{R}^d$, by using a Gaussian process (GP) as a surrogate model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-24 Eero Siivola , Aki Vehtari , Jarno Vanhatalo , Javier González , Michael Riis Andersen

We study non-linear bandit optimization where the learner maximizes a black-box function with zeroth order function oracle, which has been successfully applied in many critical applications such as drug discovery and materials design.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zakaria Shams Siam , Chaowen Guan , Chong Liu

Machine learning algorithms frequently require careful tuning of model hyperparameters, regularization terms, and optimization parameters. Unfortunately, this tuning is often a "black art" that requires expert experience, unwritten rules of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-08-30 Jasper Snoek , Hugo Larochelle , Ryan P. Adams

Selecting the optimal combination of a machine learning (ML) algorithm and its hyper-parameters is crucial for the development of high-performance ML systems. However, since the combination of ML algorithms and hyper-parameters is enormous,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Kazuki Ishikawa , Ryota Ozaki , Yohei Kanzaki , Ichiro Takeuchi , Masayuki Karasuyama

In this paper, we consider the multi-armed bandit problem with high-dimensional features. First, we prove a minimax lower bound, $\mathcal{O}\big((\log d)^{\frac{\alpha+1}{2}}T^{\frac{1-\alpha}{2}}+\log T\big)$, for the cumulative regret,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Ke Li , Yun Yang , Naveen N. Narisetty

Many real-world scientific and industrial applications require the optimization of expensive black-box functions. Bayesian Optimization (BO) provides an effective framework for such problems. However, traditional BO methods are prone to get…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zhuo Yang , Daolang Wang , Lingli Ge , Beilun Wang , Tianfan Fu , Yuqiang Li

Black-box zero-th order optimization is a central primitive for applications in fields as diverse as finance, physics, and engineering. In a common formulation of this problem, a designer sequentially attempts candidate solutions, receiving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Yunchuan Zhang , Sangwoo Park , Osvaldo Simeone

The need to collect data via expensive measurements of black-box functions is prevalent across science, engineering and medicine. As an example, hyperparameter tuning of a large AI model is critical to its predictive performance but is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Takuya Kanazawa

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a popular approach to optimize expensive-to-evaluate black-box functions. A significant challenge in BO is to scale to high-dimensional parameter spaces while retaining sample efficiency. A solution considered…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-26 Benjamin Letham , Roberto Calandra , Akshara Rai , Eytan Bakshy

Gaussian processes (GP) are one of the most successful frameworks to model uncertainty. However, GP optimization (e.g., GP-UCB) suffers from major scalability issues. Experimental time grows linearly with the number of evaluations, unless…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-27 Daniele Calandriello , Luigi Carratino , Alessandro Lazaric , Michal Valko , Lorenzo Rosasco

We consider the problem of optimizing a grey-box objective function, i.e., nested function composed of both black-box and white-box functions. A general formulation for such grey-box problems is given, which covers the existing grey-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Wenjie Xu , Yuning Jiang , Bratislav Svetozarevic , Colin N. Jones

Bayesian bandit algorithms with approximate Bayesian inference have been widely used in real-world applications. Despite the superior practical performance, their theoretical justification is less investigated in the literature, especially…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-23 Ziyi Huang , Henry Lam , Haofeng Zhang
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