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The creation and perception of humour is a fundamental human trait, positioning its computational understanding as one of the most challenging tasks in natural language processing (NLP). As an abstract, creative, and frequently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Tyler Loakman , William Thorne , Chenghua Lin

This paper addresses two limitations of large language models (LLMs) in solving complex problems: (1) their reasoning processes exhibit Bayesian-like stochastic generation, where each token is sampled from a context-dependent probability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Lei Lin , Jizhao Zhu , Yong Liu , Donghong Sun , Hongbo He , Yihua Du

Humor is a commonly used and intricate human language in daily life. Humor generation, especially in multi-modal scenarios, is a challenging task for large language models (LLMs), which is typically as funny caption generation for images,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Wenbo Shang , Yuxi Sun , Jing Ma , Xin Huang

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) guides large language models (LLMs) to reason step-by-step, and can motivate their logical reasoning ability. While effective for logical tasks, CoT is not conducive to creative problem-solving which often requires…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Shanshan Zhong , Zhongzhan Huang , Shanghua Gao , Wushao Wen , Liang Lin , Marinka Zitnik , Pan Zhou

System 2 reasoning is one of the defining characteristics of intelligence, which requires slow and logical thinking. Human conducts System 2 reasoning via the language of thoughts that organizes the reasoning process as a causal sequence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Chenxi Liu , Yongqiang Chen , Tongliang Liu , James Cheng , Bo Han , Kun Zhang

In this paper, we explore the generation of one-liner jokes through multi-step reasoning. Our work involved reconstructing the process behind creating humorous one-liners and developing a working prototype for humor generation. We conducted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Alexey Tikhonov , Pavel Shtykovskiy

Reasoning based on Large Language Models (LLMs) has garnered increasing attention due to outstanding performance of these models in mathematical and complex logical tasks. Beginning with the Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting technique,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yuto Suzuki , Farnoush Banaei-Kashani

Generating humorous memes is a challenging multimodal task that moves beyond direct image-to-caption supervision. It requires a nuanced reasoning over visual content, contextual cues, and subjective humor. To bridge this gap between visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xueyan Li , Yingyi Xue , Mengjie Jiang , Qingzi Zhu , Yazhe Niu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive natural language understanding capabilities across various text-based tasks, understanding humor has remained a persistent challenge. Humor is frequently multimodal, relying on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Ashwin Baluja

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning abilities when prompted to generate chain-of-thought (CoT) explanations alongside answers. However, previous research on evaluating LLMs has solely focused on answer accuracy,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Minh-Vuong Nguyen , Linhao Luo , Fatemeh Shiri , Dinh Phung , Yuan-Fang Li , Thuy-Trang Vu , Gholamreza Haffari

Humor is a fundamental facet of human cognition and interaction. Yet, despite recent advances in natural language processing, humor detection remains a challenging task that is complicated by the scarcity of datasets that pair humorous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Zachary Horvitz , Jingru Chen , Rahul Aditya , Harshvardhan Srivastava , Robert West , Zhou Yu , Kathleen McKeown

We carry out a series of experiments to test large language models' multi-hop reasoning ability from three aspects: selecting and combining external knowledge, dealing with non-sequential reasoning tasks and generalising to data samples…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Haotong Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) excel in complex tasks through advanced prompting techniques like Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and Tree-of-Thought (ToT), but their reliance on manually crafted, task-specific prompts limits adaptability and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Tao Xiong , Xavier Hu , Wenyan Fan , Shengyu Zhang

Recent advancements in large language models have showcased their remarkable generalizability across various domains. However, their reasoning abilities still have significant room for improvement, especially when confronted with scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Xufeng Zhao , Mengdi Li , Wenhao Lu , Cornelius Weber , Jae Hee Lee , Kun Chu , Stefan Wermter

Humor, as both a creative human activity and a social binding mechanism, has long posed a major challenge for AI generation. Although producing humor requires complex cognitive reasoning and social understanding, theories of humor suggest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Jiajun Zhang , Shijia Luo , Ruikang Zhang , Qi Su

Artificial intelligence has made significant progress in natural language processing, with models like GPT-3 demonstrating impressive capabilities. However, these models still have limitations when it comes to complex tasks that require an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Yuetian Chen , Bowen Shi , Mei Si

We present HumorBench, a benchmark designed to evaluate large language models' (LLMs) ability to reason about and explain sophisticated humor in cartoon captions. As reasoning models increasingly saturate existing benchmarks in mathematics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Reuben Narad , Siddharth Suresh , Jiayi Chen , Pine S. L. Dysart-Bricken , Bob Mankoff , Robert Nowak , Jifan Zhang , Lalit Jain

Large Language Models (LLMs) face challenges in knowledge-intensive reasoning tasks like classic multi-hop question and answering, which involves reasoning across multiple facts. This difficulty arises because the chain of thoughts (CoTs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Nan Wang , Yongqi Fan , yansha zhu , ZongYu Wang , Xuezhi Cao , Xinyan He , Haiyun Jiang , Tong Ruan , Jingping Liu

Humour, as a complex language form, is derived from myriad aspects of life. Whilst existing work on computational humour has focussed almost exclusively on short pun-based jokes, we investigate whether the ability of Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Tyler Loakman , William Thorne , Chenghua Lin

Program-of-Thought (PoT) replaces natural language-based Chain-of-Thought (CoT) as the most popular method in Large Language Models (LLMs) mathematical reasoning tasks by utilizing external tool calls to circumvent computational errors.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Long Li , Xuzheng He , Haozhe Wang , Linlin Wang , Liang He
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