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Subject-driven text-to-image (T2I) generation aims to produce images that align with a given textual description, while preserving the visual identity from a referenced subject image. Despite its broad downstream applicability - ranging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Aviv Slobodkin , Hagai Taitelbaum , Yonatan Bitton , Brian Gordon , Michal Sokolik , Nitzan Bitton Guetta , Almog Gueta , Royi Rassin , Dani Lischinski , Idan Szpektor

We present VISTAR, a user-centric, multi-dimensional benchmark for text-to-image (T2I) evaluation that addresses the limitations of existing metrics. VISTAR introduces a two-tier hybrid paradigm: it employs deterministic, scriptable metrics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Kaiyuan Jiang , Ruoxi Sun , Ying Cao , Yuqi Xu , Xinran Zhang , Junyan Guo , ChengSheng Deng

Automating Text-to-Image (T2I) model evaluation is challenging; a judge model must be used to score correctness, and test prompts must be selected to be challenging for current T2I models but not the judge. We argue that satisfying these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Amita Kamath , Kai-Wei Chang , Ranjay Krishna , Luke Zettlemoyer , Yushi Hu , Marjan Ghazvininejad

Although text-to-image (T2I) models exhibit remarkable generation capabilities, they frequently fail to accurately bind semantically related objects or attributes in the input prompts; a challenge termed semantic binding. Previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Taihang Hu , Linxuan Li , Joost van de Weijer , Hongcheng Gao , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Jian Yang , Ming-Ming Cheng , Kai Wang , Yaxing Wang

A significant ``modality gap" exists between the abundance of text-only data and the increasing power of multimodal models. This work systematically investigates whether images generated on-the-fly by Text-to-Image (T2I) models can serve as…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yuesheng Huang , Peng Zhang , Xiaoxin Wu , Riliang Liu , Jiaqi Liang

While text-to-image (T2I) models can synthesize high-quality images, their performance degrades significantly when prompted with novel or out-of-distribution (OOD) entities due to inherent knowledge cutoffs. We introduce World-To-Image, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Moo Hyun Son , Jintaek Oh , Sun Bin Mun , Jaechul Roh , Sehyun Choi

Text-to-image (T2I) models today are capable of producing photorealistic, instruction-following images, yet they still frequently fail on prompts that require implicit world knowledge. Existing evaluation protocols either emphasize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Tianyang Han , Junhao Su , Junjie Hu , Peizhen Yang , Hengyu Shi , Junfeng Luo , Jialin Gao

Despite the impressive advances in text-to-image models, they often struggle to effectively compose complex scenes with multiple objects, displaying various attributes and relationships. To address this challenge, we present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Kaiyi Huang , Chengqi Duan , Kaiyue Sun , Enze Xie , Zhenguo Li , Xihui Liu

Rapid advances in text-to-image (T2I) generation have raised higher requirements for evaluation methodologies. Existing benchmarks center on objective capabilities and dimensions, but lack an application-scenario perspective, limiting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xiaojing Dong , Weilin Huang , Liang Li , Yiying Li , Shu Liu , Tongtong Ou , Shuang Ouyang , Yu Tian , Fengxuan Zhao

When humans read a specific text, they often visualize the corresponding images, and we hope that computers can do the same. Text-to-image synthesis (T2I), which focuses on generating high-quality images from textual descriptions, has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Nonghai Zhang , Hao Tang

Unsupervised image-to-image (I2I) translation learns cross-domain image mapping that transfers input from the source domain to output in the target domain while preserving its semantics. One challenge is that different semantic statistics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Ganning Zhao , Wenhui Cui , Suya You , C. -C. Jay Kuo

Text-to-image (T2I) models are capable of generating visually impressive images, yet they often fail to accurately capture specific attributes in user prompts, such as the correct number of objects with the specified colors. The diversity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Kevin David Hayes , Micah Goldblum , Vikash Sehwag , Gowthami Somepalli , Ashwinee Panda , Tom Goldstein

Owe to the powerful generative priors, the pre-trained text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have become increasingly popular in solving the real-world image super-resolution problem. However, as a consequence of the heavy quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Rongyuan Wu , Tao Yang , Lingchen Sun , Zhengqiang Zhang , Shuai Li , Lei Zhang

Reference-free image-to-text evaluators are now standard for scoring image-caption alignment, yet it is unclear whether they respect semantic invariances. We present an invariance probe on five popular evaluators (CLIPScore, PAC-S, UMIC,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Amit Agarwal , Hitesh Laxmichand Patel , Meizhu Liu , Jyotika Singh , Karan Dua , Hansa Meghwani , Matthew Rowe , Michael Avendi , Yassi Abbasi , Tao Sheng , Sujith Ravi , Dan Roth

Evaluating the quality of synthesized images remains a significant challenge in the development of text-to-image (T2I) generation. Most existing studies in this area primarily focus on evaluating text-image alignment, image quality, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Ziwei Huang , Wanggui He , Quanyu Long , Yandi Wang , Haoyuan Li , Zhelun Yu , Fangxun Shu , Long Chan , Hao Jiang , Fei Wu , Leilei Gan

As large language models have demonstrated impressive performance in many domains, recent works have adopted language models (LMs) as controllers of visual modules for vision-and-language tasks. While existing work focuses on equipping LMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Jaemin Cho , Abhay Zala , Mohit Bansal

The rapid progress in diffusion-based text-to-image (T2I) generation has created an urgent need for interpretable automatic evaluation methods that can assess the quality of generated images, therefore reducing the human annotation burden.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Zi-Ao Ma , Tian Lan , Rong-Cheng Tu , Shu-Hang Liu , Heyan Huang , Zhijing Wu , Chen Xu , Xian-Ling Mao

Semantic image synthesis (SIS) aims to produce photorealistic images aligning to given conditional semantic layout and has witnessed a significant improvement in recent years. Although the diversity in image-level has been discussed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Mingle Xu , Jaehwan Lee , Sook Yoon , Hyongsuk Kim , Dong Sun Park

We propose a new framework for conditional image synthesis from semantic layouts of any precision levels, ranging from pure text to a 2D semantic canvas with precise shapes. More specifically, the input layout consists of one or more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Yu Zeng , Zhe Lin , Jianming Zhang , Qing Liu , John Collomosse , Jason Kuen , Vishal M. Patel

Recent advances in text-to-image (T2I) models, especially diffusion-based architectures, have significantly improved the visual quality of generated images. However, these models continue to struggle with a critical limitation: maintaining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Yifan Shen , Yangyang Shu , Hye-young Paik , Yulei Sui