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Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are key components for securing critical infrastructures, capable of detecting malicious activities on networks or hosts. The procedure of implementing a IDS for Internet of Things (IoT) networks is not…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Luca Arnaboldi , Charles Morisset

Artificial intelligence models encounter significant challenges due to their black-box nature, particularly in safety-critical domains such as healthcare, finance, and autonomous vehicles. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) addresses…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Melkamu Mersha , Khang Lam , Joseph Wood , Ali AlShami , Jugal Kalita

Modern Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, especially Deep Learning (DL) models, poses challenges in understanding their inner workings by AI researchers. eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) inspects internal mechanisms of AI models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Andrea Apicella , Salvatore Giugliano , Francesco Isgrò , Roberto Prevete

Intrusion detection has been a commonly adopted detective security measures to safeguard systems and networks from various threats. A robust intrusion detection system (IDS) can essentially mitigate threats by providing alerts. In networks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Maraz Mia , Mir Mehedi A. Pritom , Tariqul Islam , Kamrul Hasan

The field of 'explainable' artificial intelligence (XAI) has produced highly cited methods that seek to make the decisions of complex machine learning (ML) methods 'understandable' to humans, for example by attributing 'importance' scores…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Benedict Clark , Rick Wilming , Stefan Haufe

Despite decades of development, existing IDSs still face challenges in improving detection accuracy, evasion, and detection of unknown attacks. To solve these problems, many researchers have focused on designing and developing IDSs that use…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Mofe O. Jeje

The lack of explainability of a decision from an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based "black box" system/model, despite its superiority in many real-world applications, is a key stumbling block for adopting AI in many high stakes applications…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Sheikh Rabiul Islam , William Eberle , Sheikh Khaled Ghafoor , Mohiuddin Ahmed

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods help to understand the internal mechanism of machine learning models and how they reach a specific decision or made a specific action. The list of informative features is one of the most…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Ahmed M Salih

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a crucial pathway in mitigating the risk of non-transparency in the decision-making process of black-box Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. However, despite the benefits, XAI methods are found…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Sonal Allana , Rozita Dara , Xiaodong Lin , Pulei Xiong

With the availability of large datasets and ever-increasing computing power, there has been a growing use of data-driven artificial intelligence systems, which have shown their potential for successful application in diverse areas. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Jose N. Paredes , Juan Carlos L. Teze , Gerardo I. Simari , Maria Vanina Martinez

IDS aims to protect computer networks from security threats by detecting, notifying, and taking appropriate action to prevent illegal access and protect confidential information. As the globe becomes increasingly dependent on technology and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Sudhanshu Sekhar Tripathy , Bichitrananda Behera

With the rise of fifth-generation (5G) networks in critical applications, it is urgent to move from detection of malicious activity to systems capable of providing a reliable verdict suitable for mitigation. In this regard, understanding…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Federica Uccello , Simin Nadjm-Tehrani

Intrusion detection has attracted a considerable interest from researchers and industries. The community, after many years of research, still faces the problem of building reliable and efficient IDS that are capable of handling large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-01-10 Elike Hodo , Xavier Bellekens , Andrew Hamilton , Christos Tachtatzis , Robert Atkinson

Machine learning is an essential tool for optimizing industrial quality control processes. However, the complexity of machine learning models often limits their practical applicability due to a lack of interpretability. Additionally, many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Georg Rottenwalter , Marcel Tilly , Victor Owolabi

The prevailing approaches in Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are often hampered by issues such as high resource consumption, significant computational demands, and poor interpretability. Furthermore, these systems generally…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Alice Bizzarri , Chung-En Yu , Brian Jalaian , Fabrizio Riguzzi , Nathaniel D. Bastian

Modern network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) frequently utilize the predictive power of complex deep learning models. However, the "black-box" nature of such deep learning methods adds a layer of opaqueness that hinders the proper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Vinura Galwaduge , Jagath Samarabandu

In todays rapidly evolving digital landscape, safeguarding network infrastructures against cyberattacks has become a critical priority. This research presents an innovative AI-driven real-time intrusion detection framework designed to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Maryam Mahdi Alhusseini , Mohammad Reza Feizi Derakhshi

Characteristics and way of behavior of attacks and infiltrators on computer networks are usually very difficult and need an expert In addition; the advancement of computer networks, the number of attacks and infiltrations are also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Amir Javadpour , Sanaz Kazemi Abharian , Guojun Wang

Establishing unique identities for both humans and end systems has been an active research problem in the security community, giving rise to innovative machine learning-based authentication techniques. Although such techniques offer an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Washington Garcia , Joseph I. Choi , Suman K. Adari , Somesh Jha , Kevin R. B. Butler

The rapid proliferation of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems necessitates advanced, interpretable, and scalable intrusion detection systems (IDS) to combat emerging cyber threats. Traditional IDS face challenges such as high…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Muhammet Anil Yagiz , Polat Goktas