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Recent advancements in solving Bayesian inverse problems have spotlighted denoising diffusion models (DDMs) as effective priors. Although these have great potential, DDM priors yield complex posterior distributions that are challenging to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-14 Yazid Janati , Badr Moufad , Alain Durmus , Eric Moulines , Jimmy Olsson

Denoising diffusion models have driven significant progress in the field of Bayesian inverse problems. Recent approaches use pre-trained diffusion models as priors to solve a wide range of such problems, only leveraging inference-time…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-06 Yazid Janati , Badr Moufad , Mehdi Abou El Qassime , Alain Durmus , Eric Moulines , Jimmy Olsson

Diffusion models are powerful tools for sampling from high-dimensional distributions by progressively transforming pure noise into structured data through a denoising process. When equipped with a guidance mechanism, these models can also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Saeed Mohseni-Sehdeh , Walid Saad , Kei Sakaguchi , Tao Yu

This work introduces a sampling method capable of solving Bayesian inverse problems in function space. It does not assume the log-concavity of the likelihood, meaning that it is compatible with nonlinear inverse problems. The method…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-27 Lorenzo Baldassari , Ali Siahkoohi , Josselin Garnier , Knut Solna , Maarten V. de Hoop

Score-based diffusion models have recently been extended to infinite-dimensional function spaces, with uses such as inverse problems arising from partial differential equations. In the Bayesian formulation of inverse problems, the aim is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Elizabeth L. Baker , Alexander Denker , Jes Frellsen

Diffusion models have indeed shown great promise in solving inverse problems in image processing. In this paper, we propose a novel, problem-agnostic diffusion model called the maximum a posteriori (MAP)-based guided term estimation method…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Pingping Tao , Haixia Liu , Jing Su

Score-based diffusion models are a recently developed framework for posterior sampling in Bayesian inverse problems with a state-of-the-art performance for severely ill-posed problems by leveraging a powerful prior distribution learned from…

This paper proposes a novel diffusion-based posterior sampling method within a plug-and-play (PnP) framework. Our approach constructs a probability transport from an easy-to-sample terminal distribution to the target posterior, using a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-10 Jinyuan Chang , Chenguang Duan , Yuling Jiao , Ruoxuan Li , Jerry Zhijian Yang , Cheng Yuan

In the field of inverse estimation for systems modeled by partial differential equations (PDEs), challenges arise when estimating high- (or even infinite-) dimensional parameters. Typically, the ill-posed nature of such problems…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Yankun Hong , Harshit Bansal , Karen Veroy

Diffusion models have emerged as a key pillar of foundation models in visual domains. One of their critical applications is to universally solve different downstream inverse tasks via a single diffusion prior without re-training for each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Morteza Mardani , Jiaming Song , Jan Kautz , Arash Vahdat

The choice of prior is central to solving ill-posed imaging inverse problems, making it essential to select one consistent with the measurements $y$ to avoid severe bias. In Bayesian inverse problems, this could be achieved by evaluating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Frederic Wang , Katherine L. Bouman

Solving inverse problems with the reverse process of a diffusion model represents an appealing avenue to produce highly realistic, yet diverse solutions from incomplete and possibly noisy measurements, ultimately enabling uncertainty…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-01-10 Matteo Ravasi

The pretrained diffusion model as a strong prior has been leveraged to address inverse problems in a zero-shot manner without task-specific retraining. Different from the unconditional generation, the measurement-guided generation requires…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-14 Ji Li , Chao Wang

Priors are essential for reconstructing images from noisy and/or incomplete measurements. The choice of the prior determines both the quality and uncertainty of recovered images. We propose turning score-based diffusion models into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Berthy T. Feng , Jamie Smith , Michael Rubinstein , Huiwen Chang , Katherine L. Bouman , William T. Freeman

Recent studies demonstrate that diffusion models can serve as a strong prior for solving inverse problems. A prominent example is Diffusion Posterior Sampling (DPS), which approximates the posterior distribution of data given the measure…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-16 Yaxuan Zhu , Zehao Dou , Haoxin Zheng , Yasi Zhang , Ying Nian Wu , Ruiqi Gao

We propose a surrogate function for efficient yet principled use of score-based priors in Bayesian imaging. We consider ill-posed inverse imaging problems in which one aims for a clean image posterior given incomplete or noisy measurements.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Berthy T. Feng , Katherine L. Bouman

Diffusion models have emerged as effective distribution estimators in vision, language, and reinforcement learning, but their use as priors in downstream tasks poses an intractable posterior inference problem. This paper studies amortized…

The success of diffusion models has driven interest in performing conditional sampling via training-free guidance of the denoising process to solve image restoration and other inverse problems. A popular class of methods, based on Diffusion…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-17 Gregory Bellchambers

From a Bayesian perspective, score-based diffusion solves inverse problems through joint inference, embedding the likelihood with the prior to guide the sampling process. However, this formulation fails to explain its practical behavior:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Hao Chen , Renzheng Zhang , Scott S. Howard

Image restoration aims to recover high-quality images from degraded observations. When the degradation process is known, the recovery problem can be formulated as an inverse problem, and in a Bayesian context, the goal is to sample a clean…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-13 Darshan Thaker , Abhishek Goyal , René Vidal
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