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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) exhibit excellent performance when graphs have strong homophily property, i.e. connected nodes have the same labels. However, they perform poorly on heterophilic graphs. Several approaches address the issue of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Vijay Lingam , Rahul Ragesh , Arun Iyer , Sundararajan Sellamanickam

Equivariant Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated significant success across various applications. To achieve completeness -- that is, the universal approximation property over the space of equivariant functions -- the network must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jiacheng Cen , Anyi Li , Ning Lin , Tingyang Xu , Yu Rong , Deli Zhao , Zihe Wang , Wenbing Huang

Graph neural networks have shown remarkable success in exploiting the spatial and temporal patterns on dynamic graphs. However, existing GNNs exhibit poor generalization ability under distribution shifts, which is inevitable in dynamic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Qingyun Sun , Jiayi Luo , Haonan Yuan , Xingcheng Fu , Hao Peng , Jianxin Li , Philip S. Yu

Recently, graph neural networks (GNNs) have proved to be suitable in tasks on unstructured data. Particularly in tasks as community detection, node classification, and link prediction. However, most GNN models still operate with static…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Darwin Saire Pilco , Adín Ramírez Rivera

We review the properties of eigenvectors for the graph Laplacian matrix, aiming at predicting a specific eigenvalue/vector from the geometry of the graph. After considering classical graphs for which the spectrum is known, we focus on…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-23 J. -G. Caputo , A. Knippel

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved impressive performance in graph-related tasks. However, they suffer from poor generalization on out-of-distribution (OOD) data, as they tend to learn spurious correlations. Such correlations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-26 Bowen Lu , Liangqiang Yang , Teng Li

The expressive power of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has been studied extensively through the Weisfeiler-Leman (WL) graph isomorphism test. However, standard GNNs and the WL framework are inapplicable for geometric graphs embedded in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Chaitanya K. Joshi , Cristian Bodnar , Simon V. Mathis , Taco Cohen , Pietro Liò

Graph neural networks (GNNs) model nonlinear representations in graph data with applications in distributed agent coordination, control, and planning among others. Current GNN architectures assume ideal scenarios and ignore link…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-01 Zhan Gao , Elvin Isufi , Alejandro Ribeiro

Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) are widely used in Graph Anomaly Detection (GAD) due to their natural compatibility with graph structures, resulting in significant performance improvements. However, most researchers approach GAD as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Shelei Li , Yong Chai Tan , Tai Vincent

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are widely applied in graph data modeling. However, existing GNNs are often trained in a task-driven manner that fails to fully capture the intrinsic nature of the graph structure, resulting in sub-optimal node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Zhenhua Huang , Kunhao Li , Shaojie Wang , Zhaohong Jia , Wentao Zhu , Sharad Mehrotra

Machine learning frameworks such as graph neural networks typically rely on a given, fixed graph to exploit relational inductive biases and thus effectively learn from network data. However, when said graphs are (partially) unobserved,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Max Wasserman , Saurabh Sihag , Gonzalo Mateos , Alejandro Ribeiro

Graph Convolutional Representation (GCR) has achieved impressive performance for graph data representation. However, existing GCR is generally defined on the input fixed graph which may restrict the representation capacity and also be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Bo Jiang , Ziyan Zhang , Bin Luo

Generalizable, transferrable, and robust representation learning on graph-structured data remains a challenge for current graph neural networks (GNNs). Unlike what has been developed for convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for image data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Yuning You , Tianlong Chen , Yongduo Sui , Ting Chen , Zhangyang Wang , Yang Shen

Learning a graph with a specific structure is essential for interpretability and identification of the relationships among data. It is well known that structured graph learning from observed samples is an NP-hard combinatorial problem. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-26 Sandeep Kumar , Jiaxi Ying , Jos'e Vin'icius de M. Cardoso , Daniel P. Palomar

The study of Graph Neural Networks has received considerable interest in the past few years. By extending deep learning to graph-structured data, GNNs can solve a diverse set of tasks in fields including social science, chemistry, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Ashwin Nalwade , Kelly Marshall , Axel Eladi , Umang Sharma

Many real-world interactions are group-based rather than pairwise such as papers with multiple co-authors and users jointly engaging with items. Hypergraph neural networks have shown great promise at modeling higher-order relations, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Xiaoyu Li , Guangyu Tang , Jiaojiao Jiang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) traditionally employ a message-passing mechanism that resembles diffusion over undirected graphs, which often leads to homogenization of node features and reduced discriminative power in tasks such as node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Seong Ho Pahng , Sahand Hormoz

Graphs are used widely to model complex systems, and detecting anomalies in a graph is an important task in the analysis of complex systems. Graph anomalies are patterns in a graph that do not conform to normal patterns expected of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Hwan Kim , Byung Suk Lee , Won-Yong Shin , Sungsu Lim

Graphs have become pervasive tools to represent information and datasets with irregular support. However, in many cases, the underlying graph is either unavailable or naively obtained, calling for more advanced methods to its estimation.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-14 Andrei Buciulea , Antonio G. Marques

In representation learning on graph-structured data, many popular graph neural networks (GNNs) fail to capture long-range dependencies, leading to performance degradation. Furthermore, this weakness is magnified when the concerned graph is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Mengying Jiang , Guizhong Liu , Yuanchao Su , Xinliang Wu