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Vehicle routing problems (VRPs) constitute a core optimization challenge in modern logistics and supply chain management. The recent neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) has demonstrated superior efficiency over some traditional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xiangchi Meng , Jianan Zhou , Jie Gao , Yifan Lu , Yaoxin Wu , Gonglin Yuan , Yaqing Hou

We introduce Limited Rollout Beam Search (LRBS), a beam search strategy for deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based combinatorial optimization improvement heuristics. Utilizing pre-trained models on the Euclidean Traveling Salesperson…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Federico Julian Camerota Verdù , Lorenzo Castelli , Luca Bortolussi

This paper surveys the recent attempts at leveraging machine learning to solve constrained optimization problems. It focuses on surveying the work on integrating combinatorial solvers and optimization methods with machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 James Kotary , Ferdinando Fioretto , Pascal Van Hentenryck , Bryan Wilder

We introduce a combinatorial optimization-enriched machine learning pipeline and a novel learning paradigm to solve inventory routing problems with stochastic demand and dynamic inventory updates. After each inventory update, our approach…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-08 Toni Greif , Louis Bouvier , Christoph M. Flath , Axel Parmentier , Sonja U. K. Rohmer , Thibaut Vidal

In this paper we propose a set of guidelines to select a solver for the solution of nonlinear programming problems. With this in mind, we present a comparison of the convergence performances of commonly used solvers for both unconstrained…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-18 Giovanni Lavezzi , Kidus Guye , Marco Ciarcià

To advance capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in solving combinatorial optimization problems (COPs), this paper presents the Language-based Neural COP Solver (LNCS), a novel framework that is unified for the end-to-end resolution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Xia Jiang , Yaoxin Wu , Yuan Wang , Yingqian Zhang

The neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) method has shown great potential for solving routing problems of intelligent transportation systems without requiring expert knowledge. However, existing constructive NCO methods still struggle to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Changliang Zhou , Xi Lin , Zhenkun Wang , Xialiang Tong , Mingxuan Yuan , Qingfu Zhang

The Homotopy paradigm, a general principle for solving challenging problems, appears across diverse domains such as robust optimization, global optimization, polynomial root-finding, and sampling. Practical solvers for these problems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Jiayao Mai , Bangyan Liao , Zhenjun Zhao , Yingping Zeng , Haoang Li , Javier Civera , Tailin Wu , Yi Zhou , Peidong Liu

This paper gives a detailed review of reinforcement learning (RL) in combinatorial optimization, introduces the history of combinatorial optimization starting in the 1950s, and compares it with the RL algorithms of recent years. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Yunhao Yang , Andrew Whinston

Recently, neural heuristics based on deep reinforcement learning have exhibited promise in solving multi-objective combinatorial optimization problems (MOCOPs). However, they are still struggling to achieve high learning efficiency and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Jinbiao Chen , Jiahai Wang , Zizhen Zhang , Zhiguang Cao , Te Ye , Siyuan Chen

Learning to solve vehicle routing problems (VRPs) has garnered much attention. However, most neural solvers are only structured and trained independently on a specific problem, making them less generic and practical. In this paper, we aim…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Jianan Zhou , Zhiguang Cao , Yaoxin Wu , Wen Song , Yining Ma , Jie Zhang , Chi Xu

Combinatorial optimization can be described as the problem of finding a feasible subset that maximizes a objective function. The paper discusses combinatorial optimization problems, where for each dimension the set of feasible subsets is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Nimrod Megiddo

Finding a \emph{single} best solution is the most common objective in combinatorial optimization problems. However, such a single solution may not be applicable to real-world problems as objective functions and constraints are only…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Tesshu Hanaka , Masashi Kiyomi , Yasuaki Kobayashi , Yusuke Kobayashi , Kazuhiro Kurita , Yota Otachi

Model selection is a strategy aimed at creating accurate and robust models. A key challenge in designing these algorithms is identifying the optimal model for classifying any particular input sample. This paper addresses this challenge and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-22 James Kotary , Vincenzo Di Vito , Ferdinando Fioretto

There have been recent efforts for incorporating Graph Neural Network models for learning full-stack solvers for constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) and particularly Boolean satisfiability (SAT). Despite the unique representational power…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-06 Saeed Amizadeh , Sergiy Matusevych , Markus Weimer

The vehicle routing problem is a well known class of NP-hard combinatorial optimisation problems in literature. Traditional solution methods involve either carefully designed heuristics, or time-consuming metaheuristics. Recent work in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Harshad Khadilkar

We present an integrated prediction-optimization (PredOpt) framework to efficiently solve sequential decision-making problems by predicting the values of binary decision variables in an optimal solution. We address the key issues of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Dogacan Yilmaz , İ. Esra Büyüktahtakın

For solving combinatorial optimisation problems with metaheuristics, different search operators are applied for sampling new solutions in the neighbourhood of a given solution. It is important to understand the relationship between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Jiyuan Pei , Hao Tong , Jialin Liu , Yi Mei , Xin Yao

Deep learning has been extensively explored to solve vehicle routing problems (VRPs), which yields a range of data-driven neural solvers with promising outcomes. However, most neural solvers are trained to tackle VRP instances in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Shaodi Feng , Zhuoyi Lin , Jianan Zhou , Cong Zhang , Jingwen Li , Kuan-Wen Chen , Senthilnath Jayavelu , Yew-Soon Ong