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Dynamical billiards, or the behavior of a particle traveling in a planar region $D$ undergoing elastic collisions with the boundary, has been extensively studied and is used to model many physical phenomena such as a Boltzmann gas. Of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-10-24 Otto Vaughn Osterman

The barrier billiard is the simplest example of pseudo-integrable models with interesting and intricate classical and quantum properties. Using the Wiener-Hopf method it is demonstrated that quantum mechanics of a rectangular billiard with…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2022-01-05 Eugene Bogomolny

We prove a limit theorem for the the maximal interpoint distance (also called the diameter) for a sample of n i.i.d. points in the unit ball of dimension 2 or more. The exact form of the limit distribution and the required normalisation are…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Michael Mayer , Ilya Molchanov

In billiard systems with a flux line semiclassical approximations for the density of states contain contributions from periodic orbits as well as from diffractive orbits that are scattered on the flux line. We derive a semiclassical…

chao-dyn · Physics 2010-03-09 Martin Sieber

The billiard problem concerns a point particle moving freely in a region of the horizontal plane bounded by a closed curve $\Gamma$, and reflected at each impact with $\Gamma$. The region is called a `billiard', and the reflections are…

Classical Physics · Physics 2020-01-08 Peter Lynch

We consider a random walk in a stationary ergodic environment in $\mathbb Z$, with unbounded jumps. In addition to uniform ellipticity and a bound on the tails of the possible jumps, we assume a condition of strong transience to the right…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-07-03 Francis Comets , Serguei Popov

Intransitive dice $D^{(1)}, \ldots, D^{(\ell)}$ are dice such that $D^{(1)}$ has advantage when played against $D^{(2)}$, dice $D^{(2)}$ has advantage when played against $D^{(3)}$ and so on, up to $D^{(\ell)}$, which has advantage over…

We consider the long time dependence for the moments of displacement < |r|^q > of infinite horizon billiards, given a bounded initial distribution of particles. For a variety of billiard models we find <|r|^q> ~ t^g(q) (up to factors of log…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2009-11-07 D. N. Armstead , B. R. Hunt , E. Ott

It is known that limit theorems for triangular arrays with identically distributed rows yields convergence of densities rather than just convergence in distribution. We show that this superconvergence result holds -- at least at points at…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-02-07 Hari Bercovici , Ching-Wei Ho , Jiun-Chau Wang , Ping Zhong

We present some foundational results about the outer length billiard system, including its generating function and the invariant area form. We describe the limiting behavior of the orbits far away from the billiard table: the orbits of the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-10-10 Peter Albers , Lael Edwards-Costa , Serge Tabachnikov

The problem of a bouncing ball on a non-planar surface is investigated. We discovered that surface undulation adds a horizontal component to the impact force, which acquires a random character. Some aspects of Brownian motion are found in…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2023-05-03 Ana Laura Boscolo , Valdir Barbosa da Silva Junior , Luiz Antonio Barreiro

We review a virial-type estimate which bounds the strength of interaction for a gas of $N$ hard spheres (billiard balls) dispersing into Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^d$. This type of estimate has been known for decades in the context of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-07-10 Ryan Denlinger

We take a unified approach to central limit theorems for a class of irreducible urn models with constant replacement matrix. Depending on the eigenvalue, we consider appropriate linear combinations of the number of balls of different…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-05-29 Gopal K. Basak , Amites Dasgupta

We propose geometric tools that are suitable for studying the behavior of a billiard trajectory in a homogeneous force field. Two examples are considered: a vertical plane with an open top and with a parabolic or right angle boundary at the…

Optics · Physics 2020-08-14 Sergey Masalovich

We consider a class of non-conformal expanding maps on the $d$-dimensional torus. For an equilibrium measure of an H\"older potential, we prove an analogue of the Central Limit Theorem for the fluctuations of the logarithm of the measure of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2009-12-17 Renaud Leplaideur , Benoit Saussol

What we are going to call in this paper "diffractive phenomena" in billiards is far from being deeply understood. These are sorts of singularities that, for example, some kind of corners introduce in the energy eigenfunctions. In this paper…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2009-11-07 Jan Wiersig , Gabriel G. Carlo

In this paper, we define a variant of billiards in which the ball bounces around a square grid erasing walls as it goes. We prove that there exist periodic tunnels with arbitrarily large period from any possible starting point, that there…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-01-26 Edward Newkirk

We prove a Central Limit Theorem for the finite dimensional distributions of the displacement for the 1D self-repelling diffusion which solves \begin{equation*} dX_t =dB_t -\big(G'(X_t)+ \int_0^t F'(X_t-X_s)ds\big)dt, \end{equation*} where…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-03-09 Carl-Erik Gauthier

A simple relation is developed between elastic collisions of freely-moving point particles in one dimension and a corresponding billiard system. For two particles with masses m_1 and m_2 on the half-line x>0 that approach an elastic barrier…

Physics Education · Physics 2009-11-10 S. Redner

A class of non-compact billiards is introduced, namely the infinite step billiards, i.e., systems of a point particle moving freely in the domain $\Omega = \bigcup_{n\in\N} [n,n+1] \times [0,p_n]$, with elastic reflections on the boundary;…

chao-dyn · Physics 2008-02-03 Mirko Degli Esposti , Gianluigi Del Magno , Marco Lenci