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Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive generation by enabling parallel token prediction. However, practical dLLM decoding still suffers from high inference latency, which limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhenbang Du , Kejing Xia , Xinrui Zhong , Yonggan Fu , Nicolai Oswald , Binfei Ji , Brucek Khailany , Pavlo Molchanov , Yingyan Lin

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted due to their remarkable performance across various applications, driving the accelerated development of a large number of diverse models. However, these individual LLMs show limitations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Kaushal Kumar Maurya , KV Aditya Srivatsa , Ekaterina Kochmar

The rapid development of the Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) in recent years has been closely linked to their ever-growing and already enormous sizes. Many LLMs contain hundreds of billions of parameters and require dedicated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Mahsa Salmani , Ilya Soloveychik

Modern multimodal large language models (MLLMs) adopt a unified self-attention design that processes visual and textual tokens at every Transformer layer, incurring substantial computational overhead. In this work, we revisit the necessity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Wenjie Liu , Hao Wu , Xin Qiu , Xudong Wang , Yingqi Fan , Yihan Zhang , Anhao Zhao , Yunpu Ma , Xiaoyu Shen

In this survey, we systematically analyze techniques used to adapt large multimodal models (LMMs) for low-resource (LR) languages, examining approaches ranging from visual enhancement and data creation to cross-modal transfer and fusion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Marian Lupascu , Ana-Cristina Rogoz , Mihai Sorin Stupariu , Radu Tudor Ionescu

LLM cascades deploy small LLMs to answer most queries, limiting the use of large and expensive LLMs to difficult queries. This approach can significantly reduce costs without impacting performance. However, risk-sensitive domains such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Michael J. Zellinger , Rex Liu , Matt Thomson

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in vision understanding, reasoning, and interaction. However, the inference computation and memory increase progressively with the generation of output tokens during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Wenxuan Huang , Zijie Zhai , Yunhang Shen , Shaosheng Cao , Fei Zhao , Xiangfeng Xu , Zheyu Ye , Yao Hu , Shaohui Lin

Recent methods have made notable progress in accelerating Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) by exploiting the inherent redundancy in visual inputs. Most existing approaches, however, focus narrowly on reducing image tokens before or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Lianyu Hu , Liqing Gao , Fanhua Shang , Liang Wan , Wei Feng

Recently, recurrent large language models (Recurrent LLMs) with linear computational complexity have re-emerged as efficient alternatives to self-attention-based LLMs (Self-Attention LLMs), which have quadratic complexity. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Kai Liu , Zhan Su , Peijie Dong , Fengran Mo , Jianfei Gao , ShaoTing Zhang , Kai Chen

How can we teach large multimodal models (LMMs) new skills without erasing prior abilities? We study sequential fine-tuning on five target skills while monitoring general ability on eight held-out benchmarks across three model families.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhen Zhu , Yiming Gong , Yao Xiao , Yaoyao Liu , Derek Hoiem

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on language tasks but face challenges when deployed on resource-constrained devices due to their extensive parameters and reliance on dense multiplications, resulting in high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Haoran You , Yipin Guo , Yichao Fu , Wei Zhou , Huihong Shi , Xiaofan Zhang , Souvik Kundu , Amir Yazdanbakhsh , Yingyan Celine Lin

We investigate the robustness of Large Language Models (LLMs) to structural interventions by deleting and swapping adjacent layers during inference. Surprisingly, models retain 72-95% of their original top-1 prediction accuracy without any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Vedang Lad , Jin Hwa Lee , Wes Gurnee , Max Tegmark

Large language models (LLM) have achieved remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks. However, their substantial parameter sizes pose significant challenges for deployment on edge devices with limited computational and memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yu-Chen Lu , Sheng-Feng Yu , Hui-Hsien Weng , Pei-Shuo Wang , Yu-Fang Hu , Liang Hung-Chun , Hung-Yueh Chiang , Kai-Chiang Wu

Large language models (LLMs) show best-in-class performance across a wide range of natural language processing applications. Training these models is an extremely computationally expensive task; frontier Artificial Intelligence (AI)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Alexander Interrante-Grant , Carla Varela-Rosa , Suhaas Narayan , Chris Connelly , Albert Reuther

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to achieve breakthrough performance on complex logical reasoning tasks. Nevertheless, most existing research focuses on employing formal language to guide LLMs to derive reliable reasoning paths,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jin Jiang , Jianing Wang , Yuchen Yan , Yang Liu , Jianhua Zhu , Mengdi Zhang , Xunliang Cai , Liangcai Gao

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized various domains but still struggle with non-Latin scripts and low-resource languages. This paper addresses the critical challenge of improving multilingual performance without extensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Somnath Kumar , Vaibhav Balloli , Mercy Ranjit , Kabir Ahuja , Sunayana Sitaram , Kalika Bali , Tanuja Ganu , Akshay Nambi

While scaling Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) has demonstrated promising performance across various tasks, it also introduces redundant architectures, posing efficiency challenges for real-world deployment. Despite some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Shwai He , Guoheng Sun , Zheyu Shen , Ang Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) process every token through all layers of a transformer stack, causing wasted computation on simple queries and insufficient flexibility for harder ones that need deeper reasoning. Adaptive-depth methods can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ahmed Heakl , Martin Gubri , Salman Khan , Sangdoo Yun , Seong Joon Oh

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in natural language processing (NLP). LLMs require an extreme amount of parameters to attain high performance. As models grow into the trillion-parameter range,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Zhyar Rzgar K Rostam , Sándor Szénási , Gábor Kertész

Inference-time scaling can enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) on complex problems that benefit from step-by-step problem solving. Although lengthening generated scratchpads has proven effective for…