English
Related papers

Related papers: Nudging: Inference-time Alignment of LLMs via Guid…

200 papers

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in various applications due to their astonishing capabilities. With advancements in technologies such as chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting and in-context learning (ICL), the prompts fed to LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Large language models (LLMs) are initially pretrained for broad capabilities and then finetuned with instruction-following datasets to improve their performance in interacting with humans. Despite advances in finetuning, a standardized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Yihan Cao , Yanbin Kang , Chi Wang , Lichao Sun

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has not only provided numerous opportunities but also presented significant challenges. This becomes particularly evident when LLMs inadvertently generate harmful or toxic content,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Kai Chen , Chunwei Wang , Kuo Yang , Jianhua Han , Lanqing Hong , Fei Mi , Hang Xu , Zhengying Liu , Wenyong Huang , Zhenguo Li , Dit-Yan Yeung , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Alignment tuning is crucial for ensuring large language models (LLMs) behave ethically and helpfully. Current alignment approaches require high-quality annotations and significant training resources. This paper proposes a low-cost,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Yuncheng Hua , Lizhen Qu , Zhuang Li , Hao Xue , Flora D. Salim , Gholamreza Haffari

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have catalyzed the rise of reasoning-intensive inference paradigms, where models perform explicit step-by-step reasoning before generating final answers. While such approaches improve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zichuan Fu , Xian Wu , Guojing Li , Yejing Wang , Yijun Chen , Zihao Zhao , Yixuan Luo , Hanyu Yan , Yefeng Zheng , Xiangyu Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) can reason over natural-language inputs, but their role in intrusion detection without fine-tuning remains uncertain. This study evaluates a prompt-only approach on UNSW-NB15 by converting each network flow to a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Mohammad Abdul Rehman , Syed Imad Ali Shah , Abbas Anwar , Noor Islam

LLMs are being set loose in complex, real-world environments involving sequential decision-making and tool use. Often, this involves making choices on behalf of human users. However, not much is known about the distribution of such choices,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Manuel Cherep , Pattie Maes , Nikhil Singh

Nudging is widely used to promote behavioral change, but its effectiveness is often limited when recipients must repeatedly translate feedback into workable next steps under changing circumstances. Large language models (LLMs) may help…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zonghan Li , Yi Liu , Chunyan Wang , Song Tong , Kaiping Peng , Feng Ji

Pre-trained large language models (LLMs) can be tailored to adhere to human instructions through instruction tuning. However, due to shifts in the distribution of test-time data, they may not always execute instructions accurately,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Hai Ye , Hwee Tou Ng

Large language models (LLMs) open up new horizons for sequential recommendations, owing to their remarkable language comprehension and generation capabilities. However, there are still numerous challenges that should be addressed to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Yuling Wang , Changxin Tian , Binbin Hu , Yanhua Yu , Ziqi Liu , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou , Liang Pang , Xiao Wang

Deploying language models (LMs) in customer-facing speech applications requires conversational fluency and adherence to specific stylistic guidelines. This can be challenging to achieve reliably using complex system prompts due to issues…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Ingo Marquardt , Philippe Brule

Many recent prompting strategies for large language models (LLMs) query the model multiple times sequentially -- first to produce intermediate results and then the final answer. However, using these methods, both decoder and model are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Luca Beurer-Kellner , Mark Niklas Müller , Marc Fischer , Martin Vechev

While Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities in zero-shot and few-shot scenarios, they often require computationally prohibitive sizes. Conversely, smaller Masked Language Models (MLMs) like BERT and RoBERTa achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Ahmed Elshabrawy , Yongxin Huang , Iryna Gurevych , Alham Fikri Aji

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in high-stakes settings, where overconfident responses can mislead users. Reliable confidence estimation has been shown to enhance trust and task accuracy. Yet existing methods face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Linwei Tao , Yi-Fan Yeh , Bo Kai , Minjing Dong , Tao Huang , Tom A. Lamb , Jialin Yu , Philip H. S. Torr , Chang Xu

Large language models (LLMs) are still struggling in aligning with human preference in complex tasks and scenarios. They are prone to overfit into the unexpected patterns or superficial styles in the training data. We conduct an empirical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zhipeng Chen , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jingyuan Wang , Ji-Rong Wen

Large language models (LLMs) transfer well to new tasks out-of-the-box simply given a natural language prompt that demonstrates how to perform the task and no additional training. Prompting is a brittle process wherein small modifications…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Simran Arora , Avanika Narayan , Mayee F. Chen , Laurel Orr , Neel Guha , Kush Bhatia , Ines Chami , Frederic Sala , Christopher Ré

Nudging is an empirical data assimilation technique that incorporates an observation-driven control term into the model dynamics. The trajectory of the nudged system approaches the true system trajectory over time, even when the initial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jaemin Oh , Jinsil Lee , Youngjoon Hong

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in mathematical reasoning has become a cornerstone of related research, demonstrating the intelligence of these models and enabling potential practical applications through their advanced performance,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Kathrin Seßler , Yao Rong , Emek Gözlüklü , Enkelejda Kasneci

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have made significant strides in tackling challenging tasks in wireless systems, especially when an accurate wireless model is not available. However, when available data is limited, traditional DNNs often yield…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-10 Momin Abbas , Koushik Kar , Tianyi Chen

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit cultural bias from overrepresented viewpoints in training data, yet cultural alignment remains a challenge due to limited cultural knowledge and a lack of exploration into effective learning approaches.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Chunhua Liu , Kabir Manandhar Shrestha , Sukai Huang