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As the use and diversity of diagrams across many disciplines grows, there is an increasing interest in the diagrams research community concerning how such diversity might be documented and explained. In this article, we argue that one way…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Tuomo Hiippala , John A. Bateman

The simulation of real-time dynamics in lattice gauge theories is particularly hard for classical computing due to the exponential scaling of the required resources. On the other hand, quantum algorithms can potentially perform the same…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-11 Simon V. Mathis , Guglielmo Mazzola , Ivano Tavernelli

We enhance the calculus of string diagrams for monoidal categories with hierarchical features in order to capture closed monoidal (and cartesian closed) structure. Using this new syntax we formulate an automatic differentiation algorithm…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Mario Alvarez-Picallo , Dan R. Ghica , David Sprunger , Fabio Zanasi

String diagrams can nicely express numerous computations in symmetric strict monoidal categories (SSMC). To be entirely exact, this is only true for props: the SSMCs whose monoid of objects are free. In this paper, we show a propification…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-17 Titouan Carette

We introduce the notion of the space of parallel strings with partially summable labels, which can be viewed as a geometrically constructed group completion of the space of particles with labels. We utilize this to construct a machinery…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2009-03-27 Shingo Okuyama , Kazuhisa Shimakawa

Equational reasoning with string diagrams provides an intuitive means of proving equations between morphisms in a symmetric monoidal category. This can be extended to proofs of infinite families of equations using a simple graphical syntax…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2015-05-05 Aleks Kissinger , David Quick

This article aims to provide a novel formalization of the concept of computational irreducibility in terms of the exactness of functorial correspondence between a category of data structures and elementary computations and a corresponding…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Jonathan Gorard

We give an alternate conception of string diagrams as labeled 1-dimensional oriented cobordisms, the operad of which we denote by Cob/O, where O is the set of string labels. The axioms of traced (symmetric monoidal) categories are fully…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2018-06-06 David I. Spivak , Patrick Schultz , Dylan Rupel

We extend the synthetic theories of discrete and Gaussian categorical probability by introducing a diagrammatic calculus for reasoning about hybrid probabilistic models in which continuous random variables, conditioned on discrete ones,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Mateo Torres-Ruiz , Robin Piedeleu , Alexandra Silva , Fabio Zanasi

We apply the techniques of computable model theory to the distance function of a graph. This task leads us to adapt the definitions of several truth-table reducibilities so that they apply to functions as well as to sets, and we prove…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-02-12 Wesley Calvert , Russell Miller , Jennifer Chubb Reimann

String theories should reduce to ordinary four-dimensional field theories at low energies. Yet the formulation of the two are so different that such a connection, if it exists, is not immediately obvious. With the Schwinger proper-time…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 Y. J. Feng , C. S. Lam

Behavioural metrics provide a quantitative refinement of classical two-valued behavioural equivalences on systems with quantitative data, such as metric or probabilistic transition systems. In analogy to the linear-time/branching-time…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Jonas Forster , Lutz Schröder , Paul Wild , Harsh Beohar , Sebastian Gurke , Barbara König , Karla Messing

In recent years, researchers proposed several algorithms that compute metric quantities of real-world complex networks, and that are very efficient in practice, although there is no worst-case guarantee. In this work, we propose an…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-01-17 Michele Borassi , Pierluigi Crescenzi , Luca Trevisan

Path calculus, or graphical linear algebra, is a string diagram calculus for the category of matrices over a base ring. It is the usual string diagram calculus for a symmetric monoidal category, where the monoidal product is the direct sum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-07 Simon Burton

A number of domain specific languages, such as circuits or data-science workflows, are best expressed as diagrams of boxes connected by wires. Unfortunately, functional languages have traditionally been ill-equipped to embed this sort of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Jean-Philippe Bernardy , Arnaud Spiwack

Diagram chasing is a customary proof method used in category theory and homological algebra. It involves an element-theoretic approach to show that certain properties hold for a commutative diagram. When dealing with abelian categories for…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-29 Valentino Vito

The quantale of distance distributions is of fundamental importance for understanding probabilistic metric spaces as enriched categories. Motivated by the categorical interpretation of partial metric spaces, we are led to investigate the…

General Topology · Mathematics 2020-01-30 Jialiang He , Hongliang Lai , Lili Shen

The recently introduced framework of Graded Quantitative Rewriting is an innovative extension of traditional rewriting systems, in which rules are annotated with degrees drawn from a quantale. This framework provides a robust foundation for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Mauricio Ayala-Rincón , Thaynara Arielly de Lima , Georg Ehling , Temur Kutsia

An arithmetic framework to string compactification is described. The approach is exemplified by formulating a strategy that allows to construct geometric compactifications from exactly solvable theories at $c=3$. It is shown that the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Rolf Schimmrigk

We introduce Compositional Quantum Field Theory (CQFT) as an axiomatic model of Quantum Field Theory, based on the principles of locality and compositionality. Our model is a refinement of the axioms of General Boundary Quantum Field…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-02-02 Robert Oeckl , Juan Orendain Almada