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We develop a model of social media in which users produce different types of content and choose whom to follow. Even when abstracting from algorithmic bias, linking costs shape networks and polarization. In the welfare-maximizing…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-02-26 Patrick Allmis , Luca Paolo Merlino

Opinion formation is an important element of social dynamics. It has been widely studied in the last years with tools from physics, mathematics and computer science. Here, a continuous model of opinion dynamics for multiple possible choices…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-01-28 Alina Sîrbu , Vittorio Loreto , Vito D. P. Servedio , Francesca Tria

Recommender systems shape online interactions by matching users with creators content to maximize engagement. Creators, in turn, adapt their content to align with users preferences and enhance their popularity. At the same time, users…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Lukas Schüepp , Carmen Amo Alonso , Florian Dörfler , Giulia De Pasquale

Agent-based models are versatile tools for studying how societal opinion change, including political polarization and cultural diffusion, emerges from individual behavior. This study expands agents' psychological realism using…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2017-02-22 Peter Duggins

We study the impact of content moderation policies in online communities. In our theoretical model, a platform chooses a content moderation policy and individuals choose whether or not to participate in the community according to the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Cynthia Dwork , Chris Hays , Jon Kleinberg , Manish Raghavan

Extreme polarization can undermine democracy by making compromise impossible and transforming politics into a zero-sum game. Ideological polarization - the extent to which political views are widely dispersed - is already strong among…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Robert Axelrod , Joshua J. Daymude , Stephanie Forrest

Individuals engaging on social media often tend to establish online communities where interactions predominantly occur among like-minded peers. While considerable efforts have been devoted to studying and delineating these communities,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Federico Albanese , Esteban Feuerstein , Pablo Balenzuela

Many models have been proposed to explain opinion formation in groups of individuals; most of these models study opinion propagation as the interaction between nodes/agents in a social network. Opinion formation is a complex process and a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-07-15 Floriana Gargiulo , Alberto Mazzoni

Political polarization can be beneficial to competing political parties. I study how electoral competition itself generates incentives to polarize voters, even when parties are ex ante identical and motivated purely by political power,…

General Economics · Economics 2026-02-02 Giampaolo Bonomi

Public opinion on environmental issues remains polarized in many countries, posing a significant barrier to the implementation of effective policies. Behind this polarization, empirical studies have identified social susceptibility,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-10-09 Cameron Kerr , Madhur Anand , Chris T Bauch

The rise of social media and recommendation algorithms has sparked concerns about their role in fostering opinion polarization and echo chambers. We study these phenomena using an adaptive voter model to compare two connection mechanisms:…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-22 Fabian Veider , Georg Jäger , Bao Quoc Tang

Political polarization, a key driver of social fragmentation, has drawn increasing attention for its role in shaping online and offline discourse. Despite significant efforts, accurately measuring polarization within ideological…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Edoardo Di Martino , Matteo Cinelli , Roy Cerqueti , Walter Quattrociocchi

Motivated by empirical research on bias and opinion formation, we formulate a multidimensional nonlinear opinion-dynamical model where agents have individual biases, which are fixed, as well as opinions, which evolve. The dimensions…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-14 Luka Baković , David Ohlin , Giacomo Como , Emma Tegling

Recent studies suggest that social media usage -- while linked to an increased diversity of information and perspectives for users -- has exacerbated user polarization on many issues. A popular theory for this phenomenon centers on the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Uthsav Chitra , Christopher Musco

Social media platforms have emerged as a hub for political and social interactions, and analyzing the polarization of opinions has been gaining attention. In this study, we have proposed a measure to quantify polarization on social…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Maneet Singh , S. R. S. Iyengar , Rishemjit Kaur

Far beyond its relevance for commercial and political marketings, opinion formation and decision making processes are central for representative democracy, government functioning, and state organization. In the present report, a stochastic…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-10-11 Hugo P. Maia , Silvio C. Ferreira , Marcelo L. Martins

Political polarization appears to be on the rise, as measured by voting behavior, general affect towards opposing partisans and their parties, and contents posted and consumed online. Research over the years has focused on the role of the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Kiran Garimella , Tim Smith , Rebecca Weiss , Robert West

We study the mutual influence of authority and persuasion in the flow of opinion. Many social organizations are characterized by a hierarchical structure where the propagation of opinion is asymmetric. In the normal flow of opinion…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2009-11-10 M. F. Laguna , S. Risau-Gusman , G. Abramson , S. Goncalves , J. R. Iglesias

In human societies opinion formation is mediated by social interactions, consequently taking place on a network of relationships and at the same time influencing the structure of the network and its evolution. To investigate this…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-05-22 Gerardo Iñiguez , János Kertész , Kimmo K. Kaski , R. A. Barrio

Opinion dynamics, the evolution of individuals through social interactions, is an important area of research with applications ranging from politics to marketing. Due to its interdisciplinary relevance, studies of opinion dynamics remain…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Mohammad Shirzadi , Emilio Cruciani , Ahad N. Zehmakan