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The ability of artificial intelligence agents to make optimal decisions and generalise them to different domains and tasks is compromised in complex scenarios. One way to address this issue has focused on learning efficient representations…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Corina Catarau-Cotutiu , Esther Mondragon , Eduardo Alonso

Representation learning of pedestrian trajectories transforms variable-length timestamp-coordinate tuples of a trajectory into a fixed-length vector representation that summarizes spatiotemporal characteristics. It is a crucial technique to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-21 Ka-Ho Chow , Anish Hiranandani , Yifeng Zhang , S. -H. Gary Chan

In the near future, more and more machines will perform tasks in the vicinity of human spaces or support them directly in their spatially bound activities. In order to simplify the verbal communication and the interaction between robotic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Sebastian Feld , Steffen Illium , Andreas Sedlmeier , Lenz Belzner

Trajectory Representation Learning (TRL) is a powerful tool for spatial-temporal data analysis and management. TRL aims to convert complicated raw trajectories into low-dimensional representation vectors, which can be applied to various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Jiawei Jiang , Dayan Pan , Houxing Ren , Xiaohan Jiang , Chao Li , Jingyuan Wang

In this paper we propose Structuring AutoEncoders (SAE). SAEs are neural networks which learn a low dimensional representation of data which are additionally enriched with a desired structure in this low dimensional space. While traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Marco Rudolph , Bastian Wandt , Bodo Rosenhahn

Agent modeling is a critical component in developing effective policies within multi-agent systems, as it enables agents to form beliefs about the behaviors, intentions, and competencies of others. Many existing approaches assume access to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Conor Wallace , Umer Siddique , Yongcan Cao

Spatially Resolved Transcriptomics (SRT) is a cutting-edge technique that captures the spatial context of cells within tissues, enabling the study of complex biological networks. Recent graph-based methods leverage both gene expression and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yunhak Oh , Junseok Lee , Yeongmin Kim , Sangwoo Seo , Namkyeong Lee , Chanyoung Park

Positional encoding (PE) underpins how permutation-invariant Transformers represent sequence order, yet how positional information is processed and stored remains poorly understood. Modern PE methods such as RoPE still struggle on tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Pierre-Antoine Lequeu , Camille Barboule , Benjamin Piwowarski

Dynamic representation learning plays a pivotal role in understanding the evolution of linguistic content over time. On this front both context and time dynamics as well as their interplay are of prime importance. Current approaches model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Talia Tseriotou , Adam Tsakalidis , Maria Liakata

Trajectory representation learning (TRL) aims to encode raw trajectory data into low-dimensional embeddings for downstream tasks such as travel time estimation, mobility prediction, and trajectory similarity analysis. From a behavioral…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Ji Cao , Yu Wang , Tongya Zheng , Jie Song , Qinghong Guo , Zujie Ren , Canghong Jin , Gang Chen , Mingli Song

In this paper, we lay out a vision for analysing semantic trajectory traces and generating synthetic semantic trajectory data (SSTs) using generative language model. Leveraging the advancements in deep learning, as evident by progress in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Shreya Ghosh , Saptarshi Sengupta , Prasenjit Mitra

Multivariate time series forecasting focuses on predicting future values based on historical context. State-of-the-art sequence-to-sequence models rely on neural attention between timesteps, which allows for temporal learning but fails to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Jake Grigsby , Zhe Wang , Nam Nguyen , Yanjun Qi

We introduce a self-supervised speech pre-training method called TERA, which stands for Transformer Encoder Representations from Alteration. Recent approaches often learn by using a single auxiliary task like contrastive prediction,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-05 Andy T. Liu , Shang-Wen Li , Hung-yi Lee

Vision transformers have demonstrated significant advantages in computer vision tasks due to their ability to capture long-range dependencies and contextual relationships through self-attention. However, existing position encoding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Xi Chen , Shiyang Zhou , Muqi Huang , Jiaxu Feng , Yun Xiong , Kun Zhou , Biao Yang , Yuhui Zhang , Huishuai Bao , Sijia Peng , Chuan Li , Feng Shi

Position encoding (PE), an essential part of self-attention networks (SANs), is used to preserve the word order information for natural language processing tasks, generating fixed position indices for input sequences. However, in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Liang Ding , Longyue Wang , Dacheng Tao

Transformer architectures rely on position encodings to model the spatial structure of input data. Rotary Position Encoding (RoPE) is a widely used method in language models that encodes relative positions through fixed, block-diagonal,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Sophie Ostmeier , Brian Axelrod , Maya Varma , Michael E. Moseley , Akshay Chaudhari , Curtis Langlotz

Transformers rely on both content-based and position-based addressing mechanisms to make predictions, but existing positional encoding techniques often diminish the effectiveness of position-based addressing. Many current methods enforce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Jiajun Zhu , Peihao Wang , Ruisi Cai , Jason D. Lee , Pan Li , Zhangyang Wang

Recurrent models have been dominating the field of neural machine translation (NMT) for the past few years. Transformers \citep{vaswani2017attention}, have radically changed it by proposing a novel architecture that relies on a feed-forward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Joyce Zheng , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Peyman Passban

Recent advances in Transformer models allow for unprecedented sequence lengths, due to linear space and time complexity. In the meantime, relative positional encoding (RPE) was proposed as beneficial for classical Transformers and consists…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Antoine Liutkus , Ondřej Cífka , Shih-Lun Wu , Umut Şimşekli , Yi-Hsuan Yang , Gaël Richard

High-dimensional time series are common in many domains. Since human cognition is not optimized to work well in high-dimensional spaces, these areas could benefit from interpretable low-dimensional representations. However, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Vincent Fortuin , Matthias Hüser , Francesco Locatello , Heiko Strathmann , Gunnar Rätsch
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