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Long-range tasks demand reasoning over long inputs. However, existing solutions are limited, e.g., long-context models require large compute budgets, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) needs training data, and retrieval-augmented…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Dulhan Jayalath , James Bradley Wendt , Nicholas Monath , Sandeep Tata , Beliz Gunel

Large Language Models face significant challenges in maintaining coherent interactions over extended dialogues due to their limited contextual memory. This limitation often leads to fragmented exchanges and reduced relevance in responses,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Haseeb Ullah Khan Shinwari , Muhammad Usama

Effective conversational search demands a deep understanding of user intent across multiple dialogue turns. Users frequently use abbreviations and shift topics in the middle of conversations, posing challenges for conventional retrievers.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Seunghan Yang , Juntae Lee , Jihwan Bang , Kyuhong Shim , Minsoo Kim , Simyung Chang

In-context learning (ICL) of large language models (LLMs) has attracted increasing attention in the community where LLMs make predictions only based on instructions augmented with a few examples. Existing example selection methods for ICL…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Haowei Du , Dongyan Zhao

Prompting Large Language Models (LLMs), or providing context on the expected model of operation, is an effective way to steer the outputs of such models to satisfy human desiderata after they have been trained. But in rapidly evolving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Younwoo Choi , Muhammad Adil Asif , Ziwen Han , John Willes , Rahul G. Krishnan

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) represents a notable breakthrough in Natural Language Processing (NLP), contributing to substantial progress in both text comprehension and generation. However, amidst these advancements, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Saurav Pawar , S. M Towhidul Islam Tonmoy , S M Mehedi Zaman , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha , Amitava Das

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional abilities across a broad range of language-related tasks, including generating solutions to complex reasoning problems. An effective technique to enhance LLM performance is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Shuzhang Cai , Twumasi Mensah-Boateng , Xander Kuksov , Jing Yuan , Shaojie Tang

Large language model (LLM) applications such as agents and domain-specific reasoning increasingly rely on context adaptation: modifying inputs with instructions, strategies, or evidence, rather than weight updates. Prior approaches improve…

With the rising popularity of Transformer-based large language models (LLMs), reducing their high inference costs has become a significant research focus. One effective approach is to compress the long input contexts. Existing methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Xiangfeng Wang , Zaiyi Chen , Zheyong Xie , Tong Xu , Yongyi He , Enhong Chen

Current language models often fail to incorporate long contexts efficiently during generation. We show that a major contributor to this issue are attention priors that are likely learned during pre-training: relevant information located…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Alexander Peysakhovich , Adam Lerer

Large language models (LLMs) face significant challenges in handling long-context tasks because of their limited effective context window size during pretraining, which restricts their ability to generalize over extended sequences.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Zhiyuan Hu , Yuliang Liu , Jinman Zhao , Suyuchen Wang , Yan Wang , Wei Shen , Qing Gu , Anh Tuan Luu , See-Kiong Ng , Zhiwei Jiang , Bryan Hooi

We present an empirical study of adapting an existing pretrained text-to-text model for long-sequence inputs. Through a comprehensive study along three axes of the pretraining pipeline -- model architecture, optimization objective, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Wenhan Xiong , Anchit Gupta , Shubham Toshniwal , Yashar Mehdad , Wen-tau Yih

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has been widely adopted to help Large Language Models (LLMs) to process tasks involving long documents. However, existing retrieval models are not designed for long document retrieval and fail to address…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-13 David Jiahao Fu , Lam Thanh Do , Jiayu Li , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

We propose RecaLLM, a set of reasoning language models post-trained to make effective use of long-context information. In-context retrieval, which identifies relevant evidence from context, and reasoning are deeply intertwined: retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Kyle Whitecross , Negin Rahimi

Large language models (LLMs), despite their impressive performance in various language tasks, are typically limited to processing texts within context-window size. This limitation has spurred significant research efforts to enhance LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jiaqi Li , Mengmeng Wang , Zilong Zheng , Muhan Zhang

Retrieval-augmented language models have demonstrated performance comparable to much larger models while requiring fewer computational resources. The effectiveness of these models crucially depends on the overlap between query and retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Ehsan Doostmohammadi , Marco Kuhlmann

As modern data pipelines continue to collect, produce, and store a variety of data formats, extracting and combining value from traditional and context-rich sources such as strings, text, video, audio, and logs becomes a manual process…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Viktor Sanca , Anastasia Ailamaki

Large transformer-based pre-trained language models have achieved impressive performance on a variety of knowledge-intensive tasks and can capture factual knowledge in their parameters. We argue that storing large amounts of knowledge in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Jivat Neet Kaur , Sumit Bhatia , Milan Aggarwal , Rachit Bansal , Balaji Krishnamurthy

The rapid increase in textual information means we need more efficient methods to sift through, organize, and understand it all. While retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) models excel in accessing information from large document…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Seiji Maekawa , Hayate Iso , Nikita Bhutani

Contextual information at inference time, such as demonstrations, retrieved knowledge, or interaction history, can substantially improve large language models (LLMs) without parameter updates, yet its theoretical role remains poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Dingzirui Wang , Xuanliang Zhang , Keyan Xu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che , Yang Deng
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