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Probabilistic forecasts in the form of probability distributions over future events have become popular in several fields of statistical science. The dissimilarity between a probability forecast and an outcome is measured by a loss function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Vladimir V'yugin , Vladimir Trunov

Predictions of the uncertainty associated with extreme events are a vital component of any prediction system for such events. Consequently, the prediction system ought to be probabilistic in nature, with the predictions taking the form of…

Applications · Statistics 2012-10-26 Petra Friederichs , Thordis L. Thorarinsdottir

Normal mean-variance mixture distributions are widely applied to simplify a model's implementation and improve their computational efficiency under the Maximum Likelihood (ML) approach. Especially for distributions with normal mean-variance…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-06-18 Thanakorn Nitithumbundit , Jennifer S. K. Chan

Averages of proper scoring rules are often used to rank probabilistic forecasts. In many cases, the individual terms in these averages are based on observations and forecasts from different distributions. We show that some of the most…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-29 David Bolin , Jonas Wallin

Probabilistic regression models trained with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), can sometimes overestimate variance to an unacceptable degree. This is mostly problematic in the multivariate domain. While univariate models often optimize…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Daan Roordink , Sibylle Hess

Gaussian process model for vector-valued function has been shown to be useful for multi-output prediction. The existing method for this model is to re-formulate the matrix-variate Gaussian distribution as a multivariate normal distribution.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-05 Zexun Chen , Bo Wang , Alexander N. Gorban

Circular variables arise in a multitude of data-modelling contexts ranging from robotics to the social sciences, but they have been largely overlooked by the machine learning community. This paper partially redresses this imbalance by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-08-10 Alexandre K. W. Navarro , Jes Frellsen , Richard E. Turner

Forecasts of multivariate probability distributions are required for a variety of applications. Scoring rules enable the evaluation of forecast accuracy, and comparison between forecasting methods. We propose a theoretical framework for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-30 Xiaochun Meng , James W. Taylor , Souhaib Ben Taieb , Siran Li

Multivariate conformal prediction requires nonconformity scores that compress residual vectors into scalars while preserving certain implicit geometric structure of the residual distribution. We introduce a Multivariate Kernel Score (MKS)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-24 Louis Meyer , Wenkai Xu

We assess the impact of a multi-scale loss formulation for training probabilistic machine-learned weather forecasting models. The multi-scale loss is tested in AIFS-CRPS, a machine-learned weather forecasting model developed at the European…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Simon Lang , Martin Leutbecher , Pedro Maciel

Despite the success of Gaussian process based Model Predictive Control (MPC) in robotic control, its applicability scope is greatly hindered by multimodal disturbances that are prevalent in real-world settings. Here we propose a novel…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-11 Jingyi Wu , Chao Ning

In Bayesian inference, predictive distributions are typically in the form of samples generated via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) or related algorithms. In this paper, we conduct a systematic analysis of how to make and evaluate…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-25 Fabian Krüger , Sebastian Lerch , Thordis L. Thorarinsdottir , Tilmann Gneiting

The multivariate generalized Gaussian distribution (MGGD), also known as the multivariate exponential power (MEP) distribution, is widely used in signal and image processing. However, estimating MGGD parameters, which is required in…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-13 Nora Ouzir , Frédéric Pascal , Jean-Christophe Pesquet

A generalization of the classic Gaussian random variable to the family of Multi- Gaussian (MG) random variables characterized by shape parameter M > 0, in addition to the mean and the standard deviation, is introduced. The probability…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-22 Olga Korotkova

Distributional regression aims at estimating the conditional distribution of a targetvariable given explanatory co-variates. It is a crucial tool for forecasting whena precise uncertainty quantification is required. A popular methodology…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-22 Clément Dombry , Ahmed Zaoui

The paper presents numerical experiments and some theoretical developments in prediction with expert advice (PEA). One experiment deals with predicting electricity consumption depending on temperature and uses real data. As the pattern of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Vladimir V'yugin , Vladimir Trunov

Verifying probabilistic forecasts for extreme events is a highly active research area because popular media and public opinions are naturally focused on extreme events, and biased conclusions are readily made. In this context, classical…

Multivariate time series (MTS) forecasting is an essential problem in many fields. Accurate forecasting results can effectively help decision-making. To date, many MTS forecasting methods have been proposed and widely applied. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Ziheng Duan , Haoyan Xu , Yida Huang , Jie Feng , Yueyang Wang

Accurate quantification of uncertainty in neural network predictions remains a central challenge for scientific applications involving high-dimensional, correlated data. While existing methods capture either aleatoric or epistemic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Harrison J. Goldwyn , Mitchell Krock , Johann Rudi , Daniel Getter , Julie Bessac

Over the last three decades, ensemble forecasts have become an integral part of forecasting the weather. They provide users with more complete information than single forecasts as they permit to estimate the probability of weather events by…

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