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Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated state-of-the-art performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, achieving near-human levels in multiple language understanding challenges and aligning closely with…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Zhenyi Wang , Li Zou , Shengyun Wei , Kai Li , Feifan Liao , Haibo Mi , Rongxuan Lai

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great capabilities in various tasks but also exhibited memorization of training data, raising tremendous privacy and copyright concerns. While prior works have studied memorization during…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Shenglai Zeng , Yaxin Li , Jie Ren , Yiding Liu , Han Xu , Pengfei He , Yue Xing , Shuaiqiang Wang , Jiliang Tang , Dawei Yin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are adept at text manipulation -- tasks such as machine translation and text summarization. However, these models can also be prone to hallucination, which can be detrimental to the faithfulness of any answers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Priyesh Vakharia , Devavrat Joshi , Meenal Chavan , Dhananjay Sonawane , Bhrigu Garg , Parsa Mazaheri

Large language models (LLMs) hallucinate with confidence: their outputs can be fluent, authoritative, and simply wrong. In medical, legal, and scientific applications this failure causes direct harm, and detecting it from internal model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Khizar Hussain , Murat Kantarcioglu

Despite their success, large language models (LLMs) face the critical challenge of hallucinations, generating plausible but incorrect content. While much research has focused on hallucinations in multiple modalities including images and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Nan Jiang , Qi Li , Lin Tan , Tianyi Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code generation, but their proficiency in producing secure code remains a critical, under-explored area. Existing benchmarks often fall short by relying on synthetic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yanlin Wang , Ziyao Zhang , Chong Wang , Xinyi Xu , Mingwei Liu , Yong Wang , Jiachi Chen , Zibin Zheng

Top-$k$ decoding is a widely used method for sampling from LLMs: at each token, only the largest $k$ next-token-probabilities are kept, and the next token is sampled after re-normalizing them to sum to unity. Top-$k$ and other sampling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Georgy Noarov , Soham Mallick , Tao Wang , Sunay Joshi , Yan Sun , Yangxinyu Xie , Mengxin Yu , Edgar Dobriban

Optimizing the trade-off among predictive performance and computational cost is a central focus in the deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs). Current routing methods primarily rely on direct mapping from queries to models based on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Bo Lv , Jingbo Sun

The computational complexity of large language model (LLM) inference significantly constrains their deployment efficiency on edge devices. In contrast, small language models offer faster decoding and lower resource consumption but often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Jianshu She , Wenhao Zheng , Zhengzhong Liu , Hongyi Wang , Eric Xing , Huaxiu Yao , Qirong Ho

Over the past few years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have developed rapidly and are widely applied in various domains. However, LLMs face the issue of hallucinations, generating responses that may be unreliable when the models lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Huan Ma , Jingdong Chen , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Guangyu Wang , Changqing Zhang

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant popularity due to their ability to generate human-like text and their potential applications in various fields, such as Software Engineering. LLMs for Code are commonly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Ali Al-Kaswan , Maliheh Izadi

Large language models(LLMs) excel at text generation and knowledge question-answering tasks, but they are prone to generating hallucinated content, severely limiting their application in high-risk domains. Current hallucination detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Shize Liang , Hongzhi Wang

Code generation aims to automatically generate code from input requirements, significantly enhancing development efficiency. Recent large language models (LLMs) based approaches have shown promising results and revolutionized code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Ziyao Zhang , Yanlin Wang , Chong Wang , Jiachi Chen , Zibin Zheng

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) can reason from image-text inputs and perform well in various multimodal tasks. Despite this success, they are affected by language priors and often produce hallucinations. Hallucinations denote…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Xinrong Chen , Xu Chu , Yingmin Qiu , Hengyuan Zhang , Jing Xiong , Shiyu Tang , Shuai Liu , Shaokang Yang , Cheng Yang , Hayden Kwok-Hay So , Ngai Wong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in source code understanding, yet as software systems grow in scale, computational efficiency has become a critical bottleneck. Currently, these models rely on a text-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Yuling Shi , Chaoxiang Xie , Zhensu Sun , Yeheng Chen , Chenxu Zhang , Longfei Yun , Chengcheng Wan , Hongyu Zhang , David Lo , Xiaodong Gu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have succeeded in a variety of natural language processing tasks [Zha+25]. However, they have notable limitations. LLMs tend to generate hallucinations, a seemingly plausible yet factually unsupported output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Martin Preiß

Understanding how explicit theoretical features are encoded in opaque neural systems is a central challenge now common to neuroscience and AI. We introduce Metric Learning Encoding Models (MLEMs) to address this challenge most directly as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Louis Jalouzot , Christophe Pallier , Emmanuel Chemla , Yair Lakretz

The widespread availability of large-scale code datasets has fueled the rapid development of large language models (LLMs) for code-related tasks. These datasets may include sensitive personally identifiable information (PII), which can lead…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yifei Ge , Zhenpeng Chen , Weisong Sun , Yuchen Chen , Chunrong Fang , Juan Zhai , Xiaofang Zhang , Xia Feng , Yang Liu , Zhenyu Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to memorize and reproduce content from their training data, raising significant privacy concerns, especially with web-scale datasets. Existing methods for detecting memorization are primarily…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Zhenpeng Wu , Jian Lou , Zibin Zheng , Chuan Chen

Tokenization is fundamental in assembly code analysis, impacting intrinsic characteristics like vocabulary size, semantic coverage, and extrinsic performance in downstream tasks. Despite its significance, tokenization in the context of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Ahmed Mostafa , Raisul Arefin Nahid , Samuel Mulder
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