English
Related papers

Related papers: Which Demographics do LLMs Default to During Annot…

200 papers

We explore the alignment of values in Large Language Models (LLMs) with specific age groups, leveraging data from the World Value Survey across thirteen categories. Through a diverse set of prompts tailored to ensure response robustness, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Siyang Liu , Trish Maturi , Bowen Yi , Siqi Shen , Rada Mihalcea

Instruction-tuned LLMs can annotate thousands of instances from a short prompt at negligible cost. This raises two questions for active learning (AL): can LLM labels replace human labels within the AL loop, and does AL remain necessary when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Ahmad Dawar Hakimi , Lea Hirlimann , Isabelle Augenstein , Hinrich Schütze

Large language models are increasingly used to annotate texts, but their outputs reflect some human perspectives better than others. Existing methods for correcting LLM annotation error assume a single ground truth. However, this assumption…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Navya Mehrotra , Adam Visokay , Kristina Gligorić

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable text classification capabilities, excelling in zero- and few-shot learning (ZSL and FSL) scenarios. However, since they are trained on different datasets, performance varies widely across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco , Debora Nozza , Dirk Hovy

As generative large language models (LLMs) grow more performant and prevalent, we must develop comprehensive enough tools to measure and improve their fairness. Different prompt-based datasets can be used to measure social bias across…

Many applications of Large Language Models (LLMs) require them to either simulate people or offer personalized functionality, making the demographic representativeness of LLMs crucial for equitable utility. At the same time, we know little…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Indira Sen , Marlene Lutz , Elisa Rogers , David Garcia , Markus Strohmaier

Free-text explanations extend human label variation (HLV) beyond label disagreement by revealing the reasoning and preferences behind annotators' decisions. We study whether large language models (LLMs) can learn and reproduce such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Beiduo Chen , Pingjun Hong , Ziyun Zhang , Benjamin Roth , Anna Korhonen , Barbara Plank

Textual data annotation, the process of labeling or tagging text with relevant information, is typically costly, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential as direct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yu-Min Tseng , Wei-Lin Chen , Chung-Chi Chen , Hsin-Hsi Chen

Can large language models (LLMs) simulate social surveys? To answer this question, we conducted millions of simulations in which LLMs were asked to answer subjective questions. A comparison of different LLM responses with the European…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Mingmeng Geng , Sihong He , Roberto Trotta

As state-of-the-art Large Language Models (LLMs) have become ubiquitous, ensuring equitable performance across diverse demographics is critical. However, it remains unclear whether these disparities arise from the explicitly stated identity…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Irti Haq , Belén Saldías

The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into various domains raises concerns about societal inequalities and information bias. This study examines biases in LLMs related to background, gender, and age, with a focus on their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Willem Huijzer , Jieying Chen

When annotators disagree, predicting the labels given by individual annotators can capture nuances overlooked by traditional label aggregation. We introduce three approaches to predicting individual annotator ratings on the toxicity of text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Harbani Jaggi , Kashyap Murali , Eve Fleisig , Erdem Bıyık

Modern language models are trained on large amounts of data. These data inevitably include controversial and stereotypical content, which contains all sorts of biases related to gender, origin, age, etc. As a result, the models express…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Aleksandra Sorokovikova , Pavel Chizhov , Iuliia Eremenko , Ivan P. Yamshchikov

Human data annotation, especially when involving experts, is often treated as an objective reference. However, many annotation tasks are inherently subjective, and annotators' judgments may evolve over time. This study investigates changes…

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly operate in high-stakes settings including healthcare and medicine, where demographic attributes such as race and ethnicity may be explicitly stated or implicitly inferred from text. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shiyue Hu , Ruizhe Li , Yanjun Gao

One way to personalize and steer generations from large language models (LLM) is to assign a persona: a role that describes how the user expects the LLM to behave (e.g., a helpful assistant, a teacher, a woman). This paper investigates how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Pedro Henrique Luz de Araujo , Benjamin Roth

This paper investigates the impact of using first names in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs), particularly when prompted with ethical decision-making tasks. We propose an approach that appends first names to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Lorenzo Berlincioni , Luca Cultrera , Federico Becattini , Marco Bertini , Alberto Del Bimbo

There is a growing body of work on learning from human feedback to align various aspects of machine learning systems with human values and preferences. We consider the setting of fairness in content moderation, in which human feedback is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Emilia Agis Lerner , Florian E. Dorner , Elliott Ash , Naman Goel

Data annotation remains the sine qua non of machine learning and AI. Recent empirical work on data annotation has begun to highlight the importance of rater diversity for fairness, model performance, and new lines of research have begun to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Andrew Smart , Ding Wang , Ellis Monk , Mark Díaz , Atoosa Kasirzadeh , Erin Van Liemt , Sonja Schmer-Galunder

Large Language Models have recently been applied to text annotation tasks from social sciences, equalling or surpassing the performance of human workers at a fraction of the cost. However, no inquiry has yet been made on the impact of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Louis Abraham , Charles Arnal , Antoine Marie