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As the capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) advance, they can process increasingly large inputs, which, unlike in LLMs, generates significant visual token redundancy and leads to prohibitive inference costs. While many methods aim…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Pu Zhang , Yuwei Li , Xingyuan Xian , Guoming Tang

Retrained large language models (LLMs) have become extensively used across various sub-disciplines of natural language processing (NLP). In NLP, text classification problems have garnered considerable focus, but still faced with some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Zhiqiang Wang , Yiran Pang , Yanbin Lin

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in natural language processing (NLP). LLMs require an extreme amount of parameters to attain high performance. As models grow into the trillion-parameter range,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Zhyar Rzgar K Rostam , Sándor Szénási , Gábor Kertész

Prompt tuning (PT) has long been recognized as an effective and efficient paradigm for transferring large pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) to downstream tasks by learning a tiny set of context vectors. Nevertheless, in this work,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Shihan Wu , Ji Zhang , Pengpeng Zeng , Lianli Gao , Jingkuan Song , Heng Tao Shen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in machine translation (MT), even without specific training on the languages in question. However, translating rare words in low-resource or domain-specific contexts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Shangfeng Chen , Xiayang Shi , Pu Li , Yinlin Li , Jingjing Liu

Automatic prompt optimization is an important approach to improving the performance of large language models (LLMs). Recent research demonstrates the potential of using LLMs as prompt optimizers, which can generate improved task prompts via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Xinyu Tang , Xiaolei Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Siyuan Lu , Yaliang Li , Ji-Rong Wen

Large language models (LLMs) have gained considerable attention for Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC), particularly with the emergence of ChatGPT. However, the direct adaptation of continuous speech to LLMs that process…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-28 Haibin Wu , Kai-Wei Chang , Yuan-Kuei Wu , Hung-yi Lee

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention from the research community due to their exceptional performance and generalization capabilities. In this paper, we introduce a novel method for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-21 Egor Lakomkin , Chunyang Wu , Yassir Fathullah , Ozlem Kalinli , Michael L. Seltzer , Christian Fuegen

Sequential recommender systems are essential for discerning user preferences from historical interactions and facilitating targeted recommendations. Recent innovations employing Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced the field by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Xinyu Zhang , Linmei Hu , Luhao Zhang , Dandan Song , Heyan Huang , Liqiang Nie

Large Language Models (LLM) are a new class of computation engines, "programmed" via prompt engineering. We are still learning how to best "program" these LLMs to help developers. We start with the intuition that developers tend to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Toufique Ahmed , Kunal Suresh Pai , Premkumar Devanbu , Earl T. Barr

We explore the ability of large language models (LLMs) to act as speech recognition post-processors that perform rescoring and error correction. Our first focus is on instruction prompting to let LLMs perform these task without fine-tuning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Chao-Han Huck Yang , Yile Gu , Yi-Chieh Liu , Shalini Ghosh , Ivan Bulyko , Andreas Stolcke

Prompt tuning learns soft prompts to condition frozen Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) for performing downstream tasks in a parameter-efficient manner. While prompt tuning has gradually reached the performance level of fine-tuning as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Fang Ma , Chen Zhang , Lei Ren , Jingang Wang , Qifan Wang , Wei Wu , Xiaojun Quan , Dawei Song

We introduce a large language model (LLM) capable of processing speech inputs and show that tuning it further with reinforcement learning on human preference (RLHF) enables it to adapt better to disordered speech than traditional…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-03 Chirag Nagpal , Subhashini Venugopalan , Jimmy Tobin , Marilyn Ladewig , Katherine Heller , Katrin Tomanek

Metaphor is a pervasive feature of discourse and a powerful lens for examining cognition, emotion, and ideology. Large-scale analysis, however, has been constrained by the need for manual annotation due to the context-sensitive nature of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Matteo Fuoli , Weihang Huang , Jeannette Littlemore , Sarah Turner , Ellen Wilding

Large language models (LLMs) can explain grammatical rules, yet they often fail to apply those rules when judging sentence acceptability. We present "grammar prompting", an explain-then-process paradigm: a large LLM first produces a concise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Russell Scheinberg , Ameeta Agrawal , Amber Shore , So Young Lee

Pre-trained large-scale language models (LLMs) excel at producing coherent articles, yet their outputs may be untruthful, toxic, or fail to align with user expectations. Current approaches focus on using reinforcement learning with human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Dehong Xu , Liang Qiu , Minseok Kim , Faisal Ladhak , Jaeyoung Do

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to significant improvements in natural language processing but also poses challenges due to their high computational and energy demands. This paper introduces a series of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Dylan Hillier , Leon Guertler , Cheston Tan , Palaash Agrawal , Chen Ruirui , Bobby Cheng

Prompt-based methods have achieved promising results in most few-shot text classification tasks. However, for readability assessment tasks, traditional prompt methods lackcrucial linguistic knowledge, which has already been proven to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Ziyang Wang , Sanwoo Lee , Hsiu-Yuan Huang , Yunfang Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive quality when applied to predictive tasks such as relevance ranking and semantic search. However, deployment of such LLMs remains prohibitively expensive for industry applications…

Effective passage retrieval and reranking methods have been widely utilized to identify suitable candidates in open-domain question answering tasks, recent studies have resorted to LLMs for reranking the retrieved passages by the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Xuyang Wu , Zhiyuan Peng , Krishna Sravanthi Rajanala Sai , Hsin-Tai Wu , Yi Fang