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WebAssembly (Wasm) is a bytecode format originally serving as a compilation target for Web applications. It has recently been used increasingly on the server side, e.g., providing a safer, faster, and more portable alternative to Linux…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Shuyao Jiang , Ruiying Zeng , Zihao Rao , Jiazhen Gu , Yangfan Zhou , Michael R. Lyu

WebAssembly is the new low-level language for the web and has now been implemented in all major browsers since over a year. To ensure the security, performance, and correctness of future web applications, there is a strong need for dynamic…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Daniel Lehmann , Michael Pradel

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a low-level bytecode language and virtual machine, intended as a compilation target for a wide range of programming languages, which is seeing increasing adoption across diverse ecosystems. As a young technology, Wasm…

WebAssembly (abbreviated WASM) has emerged as a promising language of the Web and also been used for a wide spectrum of software applications such as mobile applications and desktop applications. These applications, named as WASM…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Yixuan Zhang , Shangtong Cao , Haoyu Wang , Zhenpeng Chen , Xiapu Luo , Dongliang Mu , Yun Ma , Gang Huang , Xuanzhe Liu

We introduce Wasm Logic, a sound program logic for first-order, encapsulated WebAssembly. We design a novel assertion syntax, tailored to WebAssembly's stack-based semantics and the strong guarantees given by WebAssembly's type system, and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Conrad Watt , Petar Maksimović , Neelakantan R. Krishnaswami , Philippa Gardner

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a low-level bytecode format that can run in modern browsers. With the development of standalone runtimes and the improvement of the WebAssembly System Interface (WASI), Wasm has further provided a more complete…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Chenxi Mao , Yuxin Su , Shiwen Shan , Dan Li

Binary rewriting is a widely adopted technique in software analysis. WebAssembly (Wasm), as an emerging bytecode format, has attracted great attention from our community. Unfortunately, there is no general-purpose binary rewriting framework…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Shangtong Cao , Ningyu He , Yao Guo , Haoyu Wang

Wasm is gaining popularity outside the Web as a well-specified low-level binary format with ISA portability, low memory footprint and polyglot targetability, enabling efficient in-process sandboxing of untrusted code. Despite these…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Arjun Ramesh , Tianshu Huang , Ben L. Titzer , Anthony Rowe

WebAssembly (Wasm) is rapidly gaining popularity as a distribution format for software components embedded in various security-critical domains. Unfortunately, despite its prudent design, WebAssembly's primary use case as a compilation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Markus Scherer , Jeppe Fredsgaard Blaabjerg , Alexander Sjösten , Matteo Maffei

Debugging and monitoring programs are integral to engineering and deploying software. Dynamic analyses monitor applications through source code or IR injection, machine code or bytecode rewriting, and virtual machine or direct hardware…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Elizabeth Gilbert , Matthew Schneider , Zixi An , Suhas Thalanki , Wavid Bowman , Alexander Bai , Ben L. Titzer , Heather Miller

Wasm runtime is a fundamental component in the Wasm ecosystem, as it directly impacts whether Wasm applications can be executed as expected. Bugs in Wasm runtime bugs are frequently reported, thus our research community has made a few…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Shangtong Cao , Ningyu He , Xinyu She , Yixuan Zhang , Mu Zhang , Haoyu Wang

The increasing adoption of WebAssembly (Wasm) for performance-critical and security-sensitive tasks drives the demand for WebAssembly program comprehension and reverse engineering. Recent studies have introduced machine learning (ML)-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Hanxian Huang , Jishen Zhao

In recent years, stealthy Android malware has increasingly adopted sophisticated techniques to bypass automatic detection mechanisms and harden manual analysis. Adversaries typically rely on obfuscation, anti-repacking, steganography,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Diego Soi , Silvia Lucia Sanna , Lorenzo Pisu , Leonardo Regano , Giorgio Giacinto

In this paper, we present the design of Owi, a symbolic interpreter for WebAssembly written in OCaml, and how we used it to create a state-of-the-art tool to find bugs in programs combining C and Rust code. WebAssembly (Wasm) is a binary…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Léo Andrès , Filipe Marques , Arthur Carcano , Pierre Chambart , José Fragoso Santos , Jean-Christophe Filliâtre

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a binary instruction format that enables portable, sandboxed, and near-native execution across heterogeneous platforms, making it well-suited for serverless workflow execution on browsers, edge nodes, and cloud…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Mario Colosi , Reza Farahani , Lauri Loven , Radu Prodan , Massimo Villari

WebAssembly's (Wasm) monolithic linear memory model facilitates memory corruption attacks that can escalate to cross-site scripting in browsers or go undetected when a malicious host tampers with a module's state. Existing defenses rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Oussama Draissi , Mark Günzel , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi , Lucas Davi

WebAssembly has attracted great attention as a portable compilation target for programming languages. To facilitate in-depth studies about this technology, we have deployed Wasmizer, a tool that regularly mines GitHub projects and makes an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Alexander Nicholson , Quentin Stiévenart , Arash Mazidi , Mohammad Ghafari

The emergence of WebAssembly allows attackers to hide the malicious functionalities of JavaScript malware in cross-language interoperations, termed JavaScript-WebAssembly multilingual malware (JWMM). However, existing anti-virus solutions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Yifan Xia , Ping He , Xuhong Zhang , Peiyu Liu , Shouling Ji , Wenhai Wang

Performance debugging in WebAssembly (Wasm) runtimes is essential for ensuring the robustness of Wasm, especially since performance issues have frequently occurred in Wasm runtimes, which can significantly degrade the capabilities of hosted…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Ruiying Zeng , Shuyao Jiang , Wenxuan Zhao , Yangfan Zhou

Containerization approaches based on namespaces offered by the Linux kernel have seen an increasing popularity in the HPC community both as a means to isolate applications and as a format to package and distribute them. However, their…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Mohak Chadha , Nils Krueger , Jophin John , Anshul Jindal , Michael Gerndt , Shajulin Benedict