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The rapid advancement of text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models has enabled them to generate unprecedented results from given texts. However, as text inputs become longer, existing encoding methods like CLIP face limitations, and aligning the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Luping Liu , Chao Du , Tianyu Pang , Zehan Wang , Chongxuan Li , Dong Xu

Text embeddings from large language models (LLMs) have achieved excellent results in tasks such as information retrieval, semantic textual similarity, etc. In this work, we show an interesting finding: when feeding a text into the LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Zhijie Nie , Richong Zhang , Zhanyu Wu

Recent works utilize CLIP to perform the challenging unsupervised semantic segmentation task where only images without annotations are available. However, we observe that when adopting CLIP to such a pixel-level understanding task,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jingyun Wang , Guoliang Kang

We present a new image compression paradigm to achieve ``intelligently coding for machine'' by cleverly leveraging the common sense of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs). We are motivated by the evidence that large language/multimodal models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Jinming Liu , Yuntao Wei , Junyan Lin , Shengyang Zhao , Heming Sun , Zhibo Chen , Wenjun Zeng , Xin Jin

Efficiently adapting large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) like CLIP for few-shot learning poses challenges in balancing pre-trained knowledge retention and task-specific adaptation. Existing methods often overlook valuable structural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Dazhi Huang

Accurate volume estimation of objects from visual data is a long-standing challenge in computer vision with significant applications in robotics, logistics, and smart health. Existing methods often rely on complex 3D reconstruction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Gautham Vinod , Bruce Coburn , Siddeshwar Raghavan , Fengqing Zhu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) transfer visual and textual data into a shared embedding space. In so doing, they enable a wide range of multimodal tasks, while also raising critical questions about the nature of machine 'understanding.' In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Stefanie Schneider

Treating texts as images, combining prompts with textual labels for prompt tuning, and leveraging the alignment properties of CLIP have been successfully applied in zero-shot multi-label image recognition. Nonetheless, relying solely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Haonan Xu , Dian Chao , Xiangyu Wu , Zhonghua Wan , Yang Yang

Token embeddings play a crucial role in language modeling but, despite this practical relevance, their theoretical understanding remains limited. Our paper addresses the gap by characterizing the structure of embeddings obtained via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Diyuan Wu , Aleksandr Shevchenko , Samet Oymak , Marco Mondelli

Scene text recognition (STR) is a challenging task that requires large-scale annotated data for training. However, collecting and labeling real text images is expensive and time-consuming, which limits the availability of real data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Mingkun Yang , Biao Yang , Minghui Liao , Yingying Zhu , Xiang Bai

Logic is the main formal language to perform automated reasoning, and it is further a human-interpretable language, at least for small formulae. Learning and optimising logic requirements and rules has always been an important problem in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Gaia Saveri , Luca Bortolussi

Visual reranking is effective to improve the performance of the text-based video search. However, existing reranking algorithms can only achieve limited improvement because of the well-known semantic gap between low level visual features…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2011-12-22 Xinmei Tian , Dacheng Tao , Yong Rui

While recent vision-and-language models (VLMs) like CLIP are a powerful tool for analyzing text and images in a shared semantic space, they do not explicitly model the hierarchical nature of the set of texts which may describe an image.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Morris Alper , Hadar Averbuch-Elor

Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) has achieved remarkable success, leading to rapid advancements in multimodal studies. However, CLIP faces a notable challenge in terms of inefficient data utilization. It relies on a single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Yu Zhang , Qi Zhang , Zixuan Gong , Yiwei Shi , Yepeng Liu , Duoqian Miao , Yang Liu , Ke Liu , Kun Yi , Wei Fan , Liang Hu , Changwei Wang

This short technical report demonstrates a simple technique that yields state of the art results in medical image-text matching tasks. We analyze the use of OpenAI's CLIP, a general image-text matching model, and observe that CLIP's limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Idan Glassberg , Tom Hope

CLIP's success has demonstrated that prompt tuning can achieve robust cross-modal semantic alignment for tasks ranging from open-domain recognition to fine-grained classification. However, redundant or weakly relevant feature components…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Yutong Gao , Maoyuan Shao , Xinyang Huang , Chuang Zhu , Lijuan Sun , Yu Weng , Xuan Liu , Guoshun Nan

The exponential growth of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) has driven advancements in cross-modal reasoning but at significant computational costs. In this work, we focus on visual language models. We highlight the redundancy and inefficiency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yasmine Omri , Parth Shroff , Thierry Tambe

CLIP has emerged as a powerful multimodal model capable of connecting images and text through joint embeddings, but to what extent does it 'see' the same way humans do - especially when interpreting artworks? In this paper, we investigate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Andrea Asperti , Leonardo Dessì , Maria Chiara Tonetti , Nico Wu

Although text recognition has significantly evolved over the years, state-of-the-art (SOTA) models still struggle in the wild scenarios due to complex backgrounds, varying fonts, uncontrolled illuminations, distortions and other artefacts.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Ayan Kumar Bhunia , Aneeshan Sain , Amandeep Kumar , Shuvozit Ghose , Pinaki Nath Chowdhury , Yi-Zhe Song

Vehicle re-identification (Re-ID) is a crucial task in intelligent transportation systems (ITS), aimed at retrieving and matching the same vehicle across different surveillance cameras. Numerous studies have explored methods to enhance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Liping Lu , Zihao Fu , Duanfeng Chu , Wei Wang , Bingrong Xu