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Related papers: JurEE not Judges: safeguarding llm interactions wi…

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The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into browser extensions has revolutionized web browsing, enabling sophisticated functionalities like content summarization, intelligent translation, and context-aware writing assistance.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Xuanqi Gao , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma , Siyi Xie , Chao Shen

LLM-as-a-Judge uses a large language model (LLM) to select the best response from a set of candidates for a given question. LLM-as-a-Judge has many applications such as LLM-powered search, reinforcement learning with AI feedback (RLAIF),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jiawen Shi , Zenghui Yuan , Yinuo Liu , Yue Huang , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in flagging harmful content in online communities. Yet, existing approaches for moderation require a separate model for every community and are opaque in their decision-making,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Agam Goyal , Xianyang Zhan , Yilun Chen , Koustuv Saha , Eshwar Chandrasekharan

As LLMs are increasingly integrated into human-in-the-loop content moderation systems, a central challenge is deciding when their outputs can be trusted versus when escalation for human review is preferable. We propose a novel framework for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Or Bachar , Or Levi , Sardhendu Mishra , Adi Levi , Manpreet Singh Minhas , Justin Miller , Omer Ben-Porat , Eilon Sheetrit , Jonathan Morra

The design of safety-critical agents based on large language models (LLMs) requires more than simple prompt engineering. This paper presents a comprehensive information-theoretic analysis of how rule encodings in system prompts influence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Joachim Diederich

As interactive LLM-based applications are created and refined, model developers need to evaluate the quality of generated text along many possible axes. For simpler systems, human evaluation may be practical, but in complicated systems like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Zhenwei Tang , Zhaoyan Liu , Rasa Hosseinzadeh , Tongzi Wu , Keyvan Golestan , Jesse C. Cresswell

Existing LLM-as-a-Judge systems suffer from three fundamental limitations: limited adaptivity to task- and domain-specific evaluation criteria, systematic biases driven by non-semantic cues such as position, length, format, and model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Bo Yang , Lanfei Feng , Yunkui Chen , Yu Zhang , Xiao Xu , Shijian Li

Present day LLMs face the challenge of managing affordance-based safety risks-situations where outputs inadvertently facilitate harmful actions due to overlooked logical implications. Traditional safety solutions, such as scalar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Sayantan Adak , Pratyush Chatterjee , Somnath Banerjee , Rima Hazra , Somak Aditya , Animesh Mukherjee

Event extraction has gained extensive research attention due to its broad range of applications. However, the current mainstream evaluation method for event extraction relies on token-level exact match, which misjudges numerous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yi-Fan Lu , Xian-Ling Mao , Tian Lan , Heyan Huang , Chen Xu , Xiaoyan Gao

As cyber threats become more sophisticated, rapid and accurate vulnerability detection is essential for maintaining secure systems. This study explores the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software vulnerability assessment by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 David Farr , Kevin Talty , Alexandra Farr , John Stockdale , Iain Cruickshank , Jevin West

Regulatory documents encode legally binding obligations that LLM-based systems must respect. Yet converting dense, hierarchically structured legal text into machine-readable rules remains a costly, expert-intensive process. We present De…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Keerat Guliani , Deepkamal Gill , David Landsman , Nima Eshraghi , Krishna Kumar , Lovedeep Gondara

Large Language Models (LLMs) deployed on mobile devices offer benefits like user privacy and reduced network latency, but introduce a significant security risk: the leakage of proprietary models to end users. To mitigate this risk, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Xunjie Wang , Jiacheng Shi , Zihan Zhao , Yang Yu , Zhichao Hua , Jinyu Gu

Large Language Model (LLM) Uncertainty Estimation (UE) methods have become a crucial tool for detecting hallucinations in recent years. While numerous UE methods have been proposed, most existing studies evaluate them in isolated short-form…

Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) isolate a special space within a device memory that is not accessible to the normal world (also known as the untrusted environment), even when the device is compromised. Therefore, developers can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Ruidong Han , Zhou Yang , Chengyan Ma , Ye Liu , Yuqing Niu , Siqi Ma , Debin Gao , David Lo

Recently, there has been a growing trend of employing large language models (LLMs) to judge the quality of other LLMs. Many studies have adopted closed-source models, mainly using GPT-4 as the evaluator. However, due to the closed-source…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Yijie Li , Yuan Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly employed as AI tutors due to their scalability and potential for personalized instruction. However, off-the-shelf LLMs often underperform in educational settings: they frequently reveal answers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Shuzhou Yuan , William LaCroix , Hardik Ghoshal , Ercong Nie , Michael Färber

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly integrate native code interpreters, they enable powerful real-time execution capabilities, substantially expanding their utility. However, such integrations introduce potential system-level…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Gabriel Chua

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) in open-ended scenarios is challenging because existing benchmarks and metrics can not measure them comprehensively. To address this problem, we propose to fine-tune LLMs as scalable judges (JudgeLM)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Lianghui Zhu , Xinggang Wang , Xinlong Wang

As AI models progress beyond simple chatbots into more complex workflows, we draw ever closer to the event horizon beyond which AI systems will be utilized in autonomous, self-maintaining feedback loops. Any autonomous AI system will depend…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Benjamin Feuer , Lucas Rosenblatt , Oussama Elachqar

LLMs (Large Language Models) are increasingly used in text processing pipelines to intelligently respond to a variety of inputs and generation tasks. This raises the possibility of replacing human roles that bottleneck existing information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Kester Clegg , Richard Hawkins , Ibrahim Habli , Tom Lawton