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Mobile agents represent a new model for network computing. Many different languages have been used to implement mobile agents. The characteristics that make a language useful for writing mobile agents are: (1) their support of agent…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-07-08 Steve Versteeg

Large language model (LLM) agents often rely on external demonstrations or retrieval-augmented planning, leading to brittleness, poor generalization, and high computational overhead. Inspired by human problem-solving, we propose DuSAR…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Wentao Zhang , Qunbo Wang , BoXuan Zhao , Tao Zhang , Junsheng Wu , Hongping Gan , Ling Dai , Shizhuang Deng , Shuntong Sun , Yang Liu

This study proposes a multi-agent language framework that enables continual strategy evolution without fine-tuning the language model's parameters. The core idea is to liberate the latent vectors of abstract concepts from traditional static…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Wenlong Tang

Tuning language models for dialogue generation has been a prevalent paradigm for building capable dialogue agents. Yet, traditional tuning narrowly views dialogue generation as resembling other language generation tasks, ignoring the role…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jian Wang , Chak Tou Leong , Jiashuo Wang , Dongding Lin , Wenjie Li , Xiao-Yong Wei

In this work, our goal is to train agents that can coordinate with seen, unseen as well as human partners in a multi-agent communication environment involving natural language. Previous work using a single set of agents has shown great…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Abhinav Gupta , Marc Lanctot , Angeliki Lazaridou

Conversational agents are increasingly used in education for learning support. An application is "learning by explaining", where learners explain their understanding to an agent. However, existing research focuses on single roles, leaving…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Zhengtao Xu , Junti Zhang , Anthony Tang , Yi-Chieh Lee

Agents built on large language models (LLMs) have excelled in turn-by-turn human-AI collaboration but struggle with simultaneous tasks requiring real-time interaction. Latency issues and the challenge of inferring variable human strategies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Shao Zhang , Xihuai Wang , Wenhao Zhang , Chaoran Li , Junru Song , Tingyu Li , Lin Qiu , Xuezhi Cao , Xunliang Cai , Wen Yao , Weinan Zhang , Xinbing Wang , Ying Wen

We present a novel approach for generating plausible verbal interactions between virtual human-like agents and user avatars in shared virtual environments. Sense-Plan-Ask, or SPA, extends prior work in propositional planning and natural…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Andrew Best , Sahil Narang , Dinesh Manocha

Large language models excel on static benchmarks, but their ability as self-learning agents in dynamic environments remains unclear. We evaluate three prompting strategies: self-reflection, heuristic mutation, and planning across dynamic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Annie Wong , Thomas Bäck , Aske Plaat , Niki van Stein , Anna V. Kononova

Strategic reasoning enables agents to cooperate, communicate, and compete with other agents in diverse situations. Existing approaches to solving strategic games rely on extensive training, yielding strategies that do not generalize to new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Kanishk Gandhi , Dorsa Sadigh , Noah D. Goodman

Multi-agent systems (MAS) extend large language models (LLMs) from independent single-model reasoning to coordinative system-level intelligence. While existing LLM agents depend on text-based mediation for reasoning and communication, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jiaru Zou , Xiyuan Yang , Ruizhong Qiu , Gaotang Li , Katherine Tieu , Pan Lu , Ke Shen , Hanghang Tong , Yejin Choi , Jingrui He , James Zou , Mengdi Wang , Ling Yang

Language Models and Vision Language Models have recently demonstrated unprecedented capabilities in terms of understanding human intentions, reasoning, scene understanding, and planning-like behaviour, in text form, among many others. In…

Human-level driving is an ultimate goal of autonomous driving. Conventional approaches formulate autonomous driving as a perception-prediction-planning framework, yet their systems do not capitalize on the inherent reasoning ability and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jiageng Mao , Junjie Ye , Yuxi Qian , Marco Pavone , Yue Wang

Multi-agent debate has been shown to improve reasoning in large language models (LLMs). However, it is compute-intensive, requiring generation of long transcripts before answering questions. To address this inefficiency, we develop a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 John Seon Keun Yi , Aaron Mueller , Dokyun Lee

Despite recent advances, autonomous agents often struggle to solve complex tasks in enterprise domains that require coordinating multiple tools and processing diverse data sources. This struggle is driven by two main limitations. First,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Gianni Molinari , Fabio Ciravegna

Evaluating recommender systems remains challenging due to the gap between offline metrics and real user behavior, as well as the scarcity of interaction data. Recent work explores large language model (LLM) agents as synthetic users, yet…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Nicolas Bougie , Gian Maria Marconi , Tony Yip , Narimasa Watanabe

Decision-making in power systems spans multiple timescales -- from milliseconds to prevent surges, to seconds to balance frequency and protect grid assets, to minutes for real-time energy balancing, to day-ahead, seasonal, and long-term…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Apoorv Mathur

Large Language Models (LLMs) agents are increasingly pivotal for addressing complex tasks in interactive environments. Existing work mainly focuses on enhancing performance through behavior cloning from stronger experts, yet such approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Siyu Yuan , Zehui Chen , Zhiheng Xi , Junjie Ye , Zhengyin Du , Jiecao Chen

Conversational AI agents are commonly applied within single-user, turn-taking scenarios. The interaction mechanics of these scenarios are trivial: when the user enters a message, the AI agent produces a response. However, the interaction…

Current Large Language Model (LLM) agents demonstrate strong reasoning and tool use capabilities, but often lack self-awareness, failing to balance these approaches effectively. This imbalance leads to Tool Overuse, where models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Cheng Qian , Emre Can Acikgoz , Hongru Wang , Xiusi Chen , Avirup Sil , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Gokhan Tur , Heng Ji