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The iterative and stochastic nature of diffusion models enables test-time scaling, whereby spending additional compute during denoising generates higher-fidelity samples. Increasing the number of denoising steps is the primary scaling axis,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Vignav Ramesh , Morteza Mardani

Deep neural networks have been extensively applied in the medical domain for various tasks, including image classification, segmentation, and landmark detection. However, their application is often hindered by data scarcity, both in terms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Roberto Di Via , Francesca Odone , Vito Paolo Pastore

This work studies discrete diffusion probabilistic models with applications to natural language generation. We derive an alternative yet equivalent formulation of the sampling from discrete diffusion processes and leverage this insight to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Lin Zheng , Jianbo Yuan , Lei Yu , Lingpeng Kong

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool for modeling turbulent flow and is commonly used for urban microclimate simulations. However, traditional CFD methods are computationally intensive, requiring substantial hardware…

Discrete diffusion models are a class of generative models that construct sequences by progressively denoising samples from a categorical noise distribution. Beyond their rapidly growing ability to generate coherent natural language, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Michael Cardei , Jacob K Christopher , Thomas Hartvigsen , Bhavya Kailkhura , Ferdinando Fioretto

We propose a diffusion-based framework for prompt optimization that leverages Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) to iteratively refine system prompts through masked denoising. By conditioning on interaction traces, including user queries,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Shiyu Wang , Haolin Chen , Liangwei Yang , Jielin Qiu , Rithesh Murthy , Ming Zhu , Zixiang Chen , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Shelby Heinecke , Huan Wang

Training deep learning methods on small time series datasets that also include corrupted samples is challenging. Diffusion models have shown to be effective to generate realistic and synthetic data, and correct corrupted samples through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Julian Ripper , Ousama Esbel , Rafael Fietzek , Max Mühlhäuser , Thomas Kreutz

Conventional diffusion models typically relies on a fixed forward process, which implicitly defines complex marginal distributions over latent variables. This can often complicate the reverse process' task in learning generative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-10 Grigory Bartosh , Dmitry Vetrov , Christian A. Naesseth

Diffusion generative models are currently the most popular generative models. However, their underlying modeling process is quite complex, and starting directly with the seminal paper Denoising Diffusion Probability Model (DDPM) can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Wang Zhen , Dong Yunyun

Diffusion models have achieved state-of-the-art performance across multiple domains, with recent advancements extending their applicability to discrete data. However, aligning discrete diffusion models with task-specific preferences remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Umberto Borso , Davide Paglieri , Jude Wells , Tim Rocktäschel

The integration of Differential Privacy (DP) with diffusion models (DMs) presents a promising yet challenging frontier, particularly due to the substantial memorization capabilities of DMs that pose significant privacy risks. Differential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Yu-Lin Tsai , Yizhe Li , Zekai Chen , Po-Yu Chen , Chia-Mu Yu , Xuebin Ren , Francois Buet-Golfouse

This paper introduces diffusion protein language model (DPLM), a versatile protein language model that demonstrates strong generative and predictive capabilities for protein sequences. We first pre-train scalable DPLMs from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Xinyou Wang , Zaixiang Zheng , Fei Ye , Dongyu Xue , Shujian Huang , Quanquan Gu

Discrete diffusion language models (DDLMs) generate text by iteratively denoising categorical token sequences, while recent drifting methods for continuous generators suggest that part of this sampling-time correction can instead be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Daisuke Oba , Hiroki Furuta , Naoaki Okazaki

The differences in brain dynamics across human subjects, commonly referred to as human artifacts, have long been a challenge in the field, severely limiting the generalizability of brain dynamics recognition models. Traditional methods for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Yiqun Duan , Jinzhao Zhou , Zhen Wang , Yu-Cheng Chang , Yu-Kai Wang , Chin-Teng Lin

With the development of deep learning, speech enhancement has been greatly optimized in terms of speech quality. Previous methods typically focus on the discriminative supervised learning or generative modeling, which tends to introduce…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-31 Nan Xu , Zhaolong Huang , Xiaonan Zhi

Mesh generation is of great value in various applications involving computer graphics and virtual content, yet designing generative models for meshes is challenging due to their irregular data structure and inconsistent topology of meshes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Zhaoyang Lyu , Jinyi Wang , Yuwei An , Ya Zhang , Dahua Lin , Bo Dai

This paper studies the original discrete-time denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) from a probabilistic point of view. We present three main theoretical results. First, we show that the time-dependent score function associated…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Yumiharu Nakano

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models are a promising new class of generative models that mark a milestone in high-quality image generation. This paper showcases their ability to sequentially generate video, surpassing prior methods in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Ruihan Yang , Prakhar Srivastava , Stephan Mandt

In recent years, diffusion models (DMs) have become a popular method for generating synthetic data. By achieving samples of higher quality, they quickly became superior to generative adversarial networks (GANs) and the current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Denisa Qosja , Simon Wagner , Daniel O'Hagan

Masked Diffusion Models (MDMs) have emerged as a promising approach for generative modeling in discrete spaces. By generating sequences in any order and allowing for parallel decoding, they enable fast inference and strong performance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Jaeyeon Kim , Jonathan Geuter , David Alvarez-Melis , Sham Kakade , Sitan Chen