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Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices enhances privacy but faces performance hurdles due to limited resources. We introduce a systematic methodology to evaluate on-device LLMs, balancing capability, efficiency, and resource…

The number and dynamic nature of web and mobile applications presents significant challenges for assessing their compliance with data protection laws. In this context, symbolic and statistical Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 David Rodriguez , Ian Yang , Jose M. Del Alamo , Norman Sadeh

Privacy-sensitive users require deploying large language models (LLMs) within their own infrastructure (on-premises) to safeguard private data and enable customization. However, vulnerabilities in local environments can lead to unauthorized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Hanbo Huang , Yihan Li , Bowen Jiang , Bo Jiang , Lin Liu , Ruoyu Sun , Zhuotao Liu , Shiyu Liang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into everyday applications, but their prevalent cloud-based deployment raises growing concerns around data privacy and long-term sustainability. Running LLMs locally on mobile and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Haoxin Wang , Xiaolong Tu , Hongyu Ke , Huirong Chai , Dawei Chen , Kyungtae Han

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results on complex reasoning tasks, but their high inference cost remains a major barrier to real-world deployment. A promising solution is to use cascaded inference, where small, cheap…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Antonios Valkanas , Soumyasundar Pal , Pavel Rumiantsev , Yingxue Zhang , Mark Coates

Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as powerful enablers for autonomous reasoning and natural-language coordination in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms operating within Internet of Things (IoT) environments. However, existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jifar Wakuma Ayana , Huang Qiming

Recent large-scale natural language processing (NLP) systems use a pre-trained Large Language Model (LLM) on massive and diverse corpora as a headstart. In practice, the pre-trained model is adapted to a wide array of tasks via fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Jimit Majmudar , Christophe Dupuy , Charith Peris , Sami Smaili , Rahul Gupta , Richard Zemel

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in natural language understanding, reasoning, and autonomous decision-making. However, these advancements have also come with significant privacy concerns. While significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yuntao Du , Zitao Li , Ninghui Li , Bolin Ding

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have intensified the need to deliver both rapid responses and high-quality outputs. More powerful models yield better results but incur higher inference latency, whereas smaller models are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Youhe Jiang , Fangcheng Fu , Wanru Zhao , Stephan Rabanser , Jintao Zhang , Nicholas D. Lane , Binhang Yuan

The rapid development of language models (LMs) brings unprecedented accessibility and usage for both models and users. On the one hand, powerful LMs achieve state-of-the-art performance over numerous downstream NLP tasks. On the other hand,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Haoran Li , Dadi Guo , Donghao Li , Wei Fan , Qi Hu , Xin Liu , Chunkit Chan , Duanyi Yao , Yuan Yao , Yangqiu Song

Web-based Large Language Model (LLM) services have been widely adopted and have become an integral part of our Internet experience. Third-party plugins enhance the functionalities of LLM by enabling access to real-world data and services.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Chun Jie Chong , Chenxi Hou , Zhihao Yao , Seyed Mohammadjavad Seyed Talebi

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly enhanced the ability to effectively tackle various downstream NLP tasks and unify these tasks into generative pipelines. On the one hand, powerful language models, trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Haoran Li , Yulin Chen , Jinglong Luo , Jiecong Wang , Hao Peng , Yan Kang , Xiaojin Zhang , Qi Hu , Chunkit Chan , Zenglin Xu , Bryan Hooi , Yangqiu Song

Fine-tuning unlocks large language models (LLMs) for specialized applications, but its high computational cost often puts it out of reach for resource-constrained organizations. While cloud platforms could provide the needed resources, data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zihan Liu , Yizhen Wang , Rui Wang , Xiu Tang , Sai Wu

Qualitative data analysis is labor-intensive, yet the privacy risks associated with commercial Large Language Models (LLMs) often preclude their use in sensitive research. To address this, we introduce ChatQDA, an on-device framework…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Tung T. Ngo , Dai Nguyen Van , Anh-Minh Nguyen , Phuong-Anh Do , Anh Nguyen-Quoc

Local differential privacy (LDP) has become a prominent notion for privacy-preserving data collection. While numerous LDP protocols and post-processing (PP) methods have been developed, selecting an optimal combination under different…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Berkay Kemal Balioglu , Alireza Khodaie , Mehmet Emre Gursoy

As large language models (LLMs) continue to grow in size, fewer users are able to host and run models locally. This has led to increased use of third-party hosting services. However, in this setting, there is a lack of guarantees on the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Arka Pal , Louai Zahran , William Gvozdjak , Akilesh Potti , Micah Goldblum

With the rapid adoption of Federated Learning (FL) as the training and tuning protocol for applications utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs), recent research highlights the need for significant modifications to FL to accommodate the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Minh N. Vu , Truc Nguyen , Tre' R. Jeter , My T. Thai

With the advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), LLM applications have expanded into a growing number of fields. However, users with data privacy concerns face limitations in directly utilizing LLM APIs, while private deployments incur…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Zixuan Gu , Qiufeng Fan , Long Sun , Yang Liu , Xiaojun Ye

Large language model (LLM) routing has emerged as a crucial strategy for balancing computational costs with performance by dynamically assigning queries to the most appropriate model based on query complexity. Despite recent advances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Aly M. Kassem , Bernhard Schölkopf , Zhijing Jin

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) is redefining the landscape of human-computer interaction, and their integration into various user-service applications is becoming increasingly prevalent. However, transmitting user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Guangwei Li , Yuansen Zhang , Yinggui Wang , Shoumeng Yan , Lei Wang , Tao Wei