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Switching is an operation on a graph that does not change the spectrum of the adjacency matrix, thus producing cospectral graphs. An important activity in the field of spectral graph theory is the characterization of graphs by their…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-03 Aida Abiad , Nils Van de Berg , Robin Simoens

Two graphs $G$ and $H$ are \emph{cospectral} if the adjacency matrices share the same spectrum. Constructing cospectral non-isomorphic graphs has been studied extensively for many years and various constructions are known in the literature,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-17 Lihuan Mao , Fu Yan

Local operations of combinatorial structures (graphs, Hadamard matrices, codes, designs) that maintain the basic parameters unaltered, have been widely used in the literature under the name of switching. We show an equivalence between two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-15 Aida Abiad , Louka Peters

A gain graph over a group $G$, also referred to as $G$-gain graph, is a graph where an element of a group $G$, called gain, is assigned to each oriented edge, in such a way that the inverse element is associated with the opposite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-10 Aida Abiad , Francesco Belardo , Antonina P. Khramova

We show that each (r, lambda)-design yields a class of switching methods that can be used produce cospectral graphs. We use this to explain several specific switching methods such as Godsil-McKay (GM) switching and Wang-Qiu-Hu (WQH)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-18 Ferdinand Ihringer , Robin Simoens

It is shown that an undirected graph $G$ is cospectral with the Hermitian adjacency matrix of a mixed graph $D$ obtained from a subgraph $H$ of $G$ by orienting some of its edges if and only if $H=G$ and $D$ is obtained from $G$ by a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-14 Bojan Mohar

We give a construction of a family of (weighted) graphs that are pairwise cospectral with respect to the normalized Laplacian matrix, or equivalently probability transition matrix. This construction can be used to form pairs of cospectral…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-08 Steve Butler , Kristin Heysse

Spectral hypergraph theory studies the structural properties of a hypergraph that can be inferred from the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of either matrices or tensors associated with it. In this paper we study the spectral…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Aida Abiad , Joshua Cooper , Utku Okur

A 2-switch is an edge addition/deletion operation that changes adjacencies in the graph while preserving the degree of each vertex. A well known result states that graphs with the same degree sequence may be changed into each other via…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-08-14 Michael D. Barrus

We present a construction of Neumaier graphs with nexus 1, which generalises two known constructions of Neumaier graphs. We also use W. Wang, L. Qiu, and Y. Hu switching to show that we construct cospectral Neumaier graphs. Finally, we show…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-14 Rhys J. Evans , Sergey Goryainov , Elena V. Konstantinova , Alexander D. Mednykh

A graph of order $n>3$ is called {switching separable} if its modulo-2 sum with some complete bipartite graph on the same set of vertices is divided into two mutually independent subgraphs, each having at least two vertices. We prove the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-03-11 Denis Krotov

Applying a method of Godsil and McKay \cite{GM} to some graphs related to the symplectic graph, a series of new infinite families of strongly regular graphs with parameters…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-25 Alice M. W. Hui , Bernardo Rodrigues

Construction of graphs with equal eigenvalues (co-spectral graphs) is an interesting problem in spectral graph theory. Seidel switching is a well-known method for generating co-spectral graphs. From a matrix theoretic point of view, Seidel…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-30 Supriyo Dutta , Bibhas Adhikari , Subhashish Banerjee

Graphs can be associated with a matrix according to some rule and we can find the spectrum of a graph with respect to that matrix. Two graphs are cospectral if they have the same spectrum. Constructions of cospectral graphs help us…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-02 Kate Lorenzen

A mixed multigraph is obtained from an undirected multigraph by orienting a subset of its edges. In this paper, we study a new Hermitian matrix representation of mixed multigraphs, give an introduction to cospectral operations on mixed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-28 Bo-Jun Yuan , Shaowei Sun , Dijian Wang

We introduce a switching operation, inspired by the Godsil-McKay switching, in order to obtain pairs of $G$-cospectral gain graphs, that are gain graphs cospectral with respect to every representation of the gain group $G$. For instance,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-25 Matteo Cavaleri , Alfredo Donno , Stefano Spessato

In this paper we present a general procedure that allows for the reduction or expansion of any network (considered as a weighted graph). This procedure maintains the spectrum of the network's adjacency matrix up to a set of eigenvalues…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2011-11-15 L. A. Bunimovich , B. Z. Webb

The concept of switching has arisen in several different areas within combinatorics. The act of switching usually transforms a combinatorial object into a non-isomorphic object of the same type, in a way that some key property is preserved.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-13 Dean Crnković , Ronan Egan , Andrea Švob

Originating from spectral graph theory, cospectrality is a powerful generalization of exchange symmetry and can be applied to all real-valued symmetric matrices. Two vertices of an undirected graph with real edge weights are cospectral iff…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-19 Christian V. Morfonios , Maxim Pyzh , Malte Röntgen , Peter Schmelcher

The slope variety of a graph is an algebraic set whose points correspond to drawings of a graph. A complement-reducible graph (or cograph) is a graph without an induced four-vertex path. We construct a bijection between the zeroes of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-10-13 Tom Enkosky
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