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Massive black hole binaries (BHBs) are expected to be one of the most powerful sources of gravitational waves (GWs) in the frequency range of the pulsar timing array and of forthcoming space-borne detectors. They are believed to form in the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-06-22 E. Bortolas , A. Gualandris , M. Dotti , M. Spera , M. Mapelli

Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) in galactic nuclei are thought to be a common by-product of major galaxy mergers. We use simple disk models for the circumbinary gas and for the binary-disk interaction to follow the orbital decay…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-08-03 Zoltán Haiman , Bence Kocsis , Kristen Menou

The orbital evolution of binary black hole (BBH) systems is determined by the component masses and spins of the black holes and the governing gravity theory. Gravitational wave (GW) signals from the evolution of BBH orbits offer an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-30 Debtroy Das , Soumen Roy , Anand S. Sengupta , Cosimo Bambi

Binaries of supermassive black holes (MBHBs) represent the primary sources of the gravitational wave background (GWB) detectable by Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs). The eccentricity with which binaries form in galactic mergers is the key…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-06 Alessia Gualandris , Justin Read , Federica Fastidio , Julian Chan , Thibaut François , Nader Khonji , Walter Dehnen

We investigate the effect of dynamically coupling gas torques with gravitational wave (GW) emission during the orbital evolution of an equal-mass massive black hole binary (MBHB). We perform hydrodynamical simulations of eccentric MBHBs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-23 Mudit Garg , Alessia Franchini , Alessandro Lupi , Matteo Bonetti , Lucio Mayer

Rotating black holes can generate boson clouds via superradiance when the boson's Compton wavelength is comparable to the black hole's size. In binary systems, these clouds can produce distinctive observational imprints. Recent studies…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-02-09 Ximeng Li , Jing Ren , Xi-Li Zhang

The gravitational wave event GW190521 involves the merger of two black holes of $\sim 85\text{M}_\odot$ and $\sim 66\text{M}_\odot$ forming an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) of mass $\sim 142\text{M}_\odot$. Both progenitors are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-14 Oliver Anagnostou , Michele Trenti , Andrew Melatos

We present preliminary results from self-consistent, high resolution direct {\it N}-body simulations of massive black hole binaries in mergers of galactic nuclei. The dynamics of the black hole binary includes the full Post-Newtonian…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-07-19 Miguel Preto , Ingo Berentzen , Peter Berczik , David Merritt , Rainer Spurzem

In currently favoured hierarchical cosmologies, the formation of massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) following galaxy mergers is unavoidable. Still, due the complex physics governing the (hydro)dynamics of the post-merger dense environment…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-06-29 Felipe G. Goicovic , Cristian Maureira-Fredes , Alberto Sesana , Pau Amaro-Seoane , Jorge Cuadra

What are the properties of accretion flows in the vicinity of coalescing supermassive black holes (SBHs)? The answer to this question has direct implications for the feasibility of coincident detections of electromagnetic (EM) and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Tamara Bogdanovic , Tanja Bode , Roland Haas , Pablo Laguna , Deirdre Shoemaker

Although supermassive black holes (SMBHs) correlate well with their host galaxies, there is an emerging view that outliers exist. Henize 2-10, NGC 4889, and NGC1277 are examples of SMBHs at least an order of magnitude more massive than…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-19 Fazeel Khan , Kelly Holley-Bockelmann , Peter Berczik

This paper studies the formation and evolution of binary supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in rotating galactic nuclei, focusing on the role of stellar dynamics. We present the first N-body simulations that follow the evolution of the SMBHs…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Ingo Berentzen , Miguel Preto , Peter Berczik , David Merritt , Rainer Spurzem

We study the co-evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with galaxies by means of semi-analytic model (SAM) of galaxy formation based on sub-halo merger trees built from Millennium and Millennium-II simulation. We utilize the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-28 Qing Yang , Bin Hu , Xiao-Dong Li

Detecting the coalescences of massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) is one of the primary targets for space-based gravitational wave observatories such as LISA, Taiji, and Tianqin. The fast and accurate parameter estimation of merging MBHBs…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-06 Bo Liang , Minghui Du , He Wang , Yuxiang Xu , Chang Liu , Xiaotong Wei , Peng Xu , Li-e Qiang , Ziren Luo

We report on high-resolution simulations that explore the orbital decay of massive black hole (MBH) pairs with masses between $10^5$ and $10^7 M_{\odot}$ embedded in a circumnuclear gas disk (CND). An adiabatic equation of state is adopted,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-04-01 Rafael Souza Lima , Lucio Mayer , Pedro R. Capelo , Elisa Bortolas , Thomas R. Quinn

Merger gravitational waves from binary black hole coalescence carry rich information about the underlying spacetime dynamics. We analyze merger waves from comparable-mass and extreme-mass-ratio binaries, obtained from numerical relativity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-12 Naritaka Oshita , Sizheng Ma , Yanbei Chen , Huan Yang

Beyond LISA, proposed space-based gravitational wave (GW) missions aim to explore the sub-millihertz to microhertz frequency band, with one key objective being the detection of massive binary black hole (MBBH) mergers across cosmic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-25 Renjie Wang , Yumeng Xu , Gang Wang , Bin Hu , Rong-Gen Cai

Massive black hole (MBH) binary inspiral time scales are uncertain, and their spins are even more poorly constrained. Spin misalignment, along with unequal mass ratios and spin magnitudes, introduces asymmetry in the gravitational…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-05-21 Mohammad Sayeb , Laura Blecha , Luke Zoltan Kelley , Davide Gerosa , Michael Kesden , July Thomas

We explore the connection between the gravitational wave (GW) merger rates of stellar-mass binary black holes (BBH) and galaxy properties. We do this by generating populations of stars using the binary population synthesis code COMPAS and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-06-28 Liana Rauf , Cullan Howlett , Tamara M. Davis , Claudia D. P. Lagos

The comoving mass density of massive black hole (MBH) remnants from pre-galactic star formation could have been similar in magnitude to the mass-density of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the present-day universe. We show that the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-09 Stuart Wyithe , Abraham Loeb