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The pursuit of long-term autonomy mandates that machine learning models must continuously adapt to their changing environments and learn to solve new tasks. Continual learning seeks to overcome the challenge of catastrophic forgetting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Jack Foster , Alexandra Brintrup

Online Continual Learning (CL) solves the problem of learning the ever-emerging new classification tasks from a continuous data stream. Unlike its offline counterpart, in online CL, the training data can only be seen once. Most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Maorong Wang , Nicolas Michel , Ling Xiao , Toshihiko Yamasaki

Continual Learning (CL) methods usually learn from all available data. However, this is not the case in human cognition which efficiently focuses on key experiences while disregarding the redundant information. Similarly, not all data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Elif Ceren Gok Yildirim , Murat Onur Yildirim , Joaquin Vanschoren

The goal of continual learning is to find a model that solves multiple learning tasks which are presented sequentially to the learner. A key challenge in this setting is that the learner may forget how to solve a previous task when learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Liangzu Peng , Paris V. Giampouras , René Vidal

Continual learning (CL) is an approach to address catastrophic forgetting, which refers to forgetting previously learned knowledge by neural networks when trained on new tasks or data distributions. The adversarial robustness has decomposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Hikmat Khan , Nidhal C. Bouaynaya , Ghulam Rasool

Continual Learning (CL) focuses on maximizing the predictive performance of a model across a non-stationary stream of data. Unfortunately, CL models tend to forget previous knowledge, thus often underperforming when compared with an offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Lanpei Li , Elia Piccoli , Andrea Cossu , Davide Bacciu , Vincenzo Lomonaco

The ability of neural networks (NNs) to learn and remember multiple tasks sequentially is facing tough challenges in achieving general artificial intelligence due to their catastrophic forgetting (CF) issues. Fortunately, the latest OWM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Yanni Li , Bing Liu , Kaicheng Yao , Xiaoli Kou , Pengfan Lv , Yueshen Xu , Jiangtao Cui

In many real-world scenarios, data to train machine learning models becomes available over time. Unfortunately, these models struggle to continually learn new concepts without forgetting what has been learnt in the past. This phenomenon is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Beyza Ermis , Giovanni Zappella , Martin Wistuba , Aditya Rawal , Cedric Archambeau

Given the ability to model more realistic and dynamic problems, Federated Continual Learning (FCL) has been increasingly investigated recently. A well-known problem encountered in this setting is the so-called catastrophic forgetting, for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Giuseppe Serra , Florian Buettner

Multi-Task Learning (MTL) is widely-accepted in Natural Language Processing as a standard technique for learning multiple related tasks in one model. Training an MTL model requires having the training data for all tasks available at the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Sudipta Kar , Giuseppe Castellucci , Simone Filice , Shervin Malmasi , Oleg Rokhlenko

A common challenge in continual learning (CL) is catastrophic forgetting, where the performance on old tasks drops after new, additional tasks are learned. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called ReCL to slow down forgetting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Pascal Janetzky , Tobias Schlagenhauf , Stefan Feuerriegel

For the goal of strong artificial intelligence that can mimic human-level intelligence, AI systems would have the ability to adapt to ever-changing scenarios and learn new knowledge continuously without forgetting previously acquired…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Haozhen Situ , Tianxiang Lu , Minghua Pan , Lvzhou Li

In the literature, many continual learning (CL) algorithms have been proposed to address the issue of catastrophic forgetting in ML models (i.e., learning new tasks leads to the loss of performance on previously learned tasks). Although all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Srijith Nair , Atilla Eryilmaz , Jia , Liu

Continual Learning (CL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm that aims to learn from a continuous stream of tasks without forgetting knowledge learned from the previous tasks. To avoid performance decrease caused by forgetting, prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Soobee Lee , Minindu Weerakoon , Jonghyun Choi , Minjia Zhang , Di Wang , Myeongjae Jeon

The ability to learn in dynamic, nonstationary environments without forgetting previous knowledge, also known as Continual Learning (CL), is a key enabler for scalable and trustworthy deployments of adaptive solutions. While the importance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Andrea Cossu , Antonio Carta , Davide Bacciu

Nowadays, real-world applications often face streaming data, which requires the learning system to absorb new knowledge as data evolves. Continual Learning (CL) aims to achieve this goal and meanwhile overcome the catastrophic forgetting of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Da-Wei Zhou , Hai-Long Sun , Jingyi Ning , Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan

Continual learning (CL) refers to the ability to continuously learn and accumulate new knowledge while retaining useful information from past experiences. Although numerous CL methods have been proposed in recent years, it is not…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-27 Hanwen Xing , Christopher Yau

Continual learning refers to the problem where the training data is available in sequential chunks, termed "tasks". The majority of progress in continual learning has been stunted by the problem of catastrophic forgetting, which is caused…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Rajas Chitale , Ankit Vaidya , Aditya Kane , Archana Ghotkar

Most continual learning (CL) algorithms have focused on tackling the stability-plasticity dilemma, that is, the challenge of preventing the forgetting of previous tasks while learning new ones. However, they have overlooked the impact of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Donggyu Lee , Sangwon Jung , Taesup Moon

Online continual learning (CL) aims to learn new knowledge and consolidate previously learned knowledge from non-stationary data streams. Due to the time-varying training setting, the model learned from a changing distribution easily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Quanziang Wang , Renzhen Wang , Yichen Wu , Xixi Jia , Deyu Meng