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Graph neural network (GNN) explanations have largely been facilitated through post-hoc introspection. While this has been deemed successful, many post-hoc explanation methods have been shown to fail in capturing a model's learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Donald Loveland , Shusen Liu , Bhavya Kailkhura , Anna Hiszpanski , Yong Han

Explaining the foundations for predictions obtained from graph neural networks (GNNs) is critical for credible use of GNN models for real-world problems. Owing to the rapid growth of GNN applications, recent progress in explaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Hyeoncheol Cho , Youngrock Oh , Eunjoo Jeon

As modern complex neural networks keep breaking records and solving harder problems, their predictions also become less and less intelligible. The current lack of interpretability often undermines the deployment of accurate machine learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Jacopo Teneggi , Alexandre Luster , Jeremias Sulam

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have gained considerable traction for their capability to effectively process topological data, yet their interpretability remains a critical concern. Current interpretation methods are dominated by post-hoc…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Jiahua Rao , Jiancong Xie , Hanjing Lin , Shuangjia Zheng , Zhen Wang , Yuedong Yang

Interpretability is crucial for machine learning algorithms in high-stakes medical applications. However, high-performing neural networks typically cannot explain their predictions. Post-hoc explanation methods provide a way to understand…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Susu Sun , Stefano Woerner , Andreas Maier , Lisa M. Koch , Christian F. Baumgartner

The availability of network datasets advances research in network science, machine learning and related fields by enabling empirical analyses and their reproducibility, algorithm development, model validation and benchmarking. Existing…

Pretraining has been widely explored to augment the adaptability of graph learning models to transfer knowledge from large datasets to a downstream task, such as link prediction or classification. However, the gap between training…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Mingdai Yang , Zhiwei Liu , Liangwei Yang , Xiaolong Liu , Chen Wang , Hao Peng , Philip S. Yu

Knowledge-based visual question answering (QA) aims to answer a question which requires visually-grounded external knowledge beyond image content itself. Answering complex questions that require multi-hop reasoning under weak supervision is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Yu-Jung Heo , Eun-Sol Kim , Woo Suk Choi , Byoung-Tak Zhang

Predictions made by graph neural networks (GNNs) usually lack interpretability due to their complex computational behavior and the abstract nature of graphs. In an attempt to tackle this, many GNN explanation methods have emerged. Their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Zhong Li , Simon Geisler , Yuhang Wang , Stephan Günnemann , Matthijs van Leeuwen

Higher-order graph neural networks (HOGNNs) and the related architectures from Topological Deep Learning are an important class of GNN models that harness polyadic relations between vertices beyond plain edges. They have been used to…

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are the predominant approach for graph-based machine learning. While neural networks have shown great performance at learning useful representations, they are often criticized for their limited high-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Markus Zopf , Francesco Alesiani

This paper presents a methodology for image classification using Graph Neural Network (GNN) models. We transform the input images into region adjacency graphs (RAGs), in which regions are superpixels and edges connect neighboring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Pedro H. C. Avelar , Anderson R. Tavares , Thiago L. T. da Silveira , Cláudio R. Jung , Luís C. Lamb

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art results in computer vision and medical image classification tasks by capturing structural dependencies across data instances. However, their decision-making remains largely opaque,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Prajit Sengupta , Islem Rekik

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful models that can manage complex data sources and their interconnection links. One of GNNs' main drawbacks is their lack of interpretability, which limits their application in sensitive fields. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Salvatore Calderaro , Domenico Amato , Giosuè Lo Bosco , Riccardo Rizzo , Filippo Vella

Explainability of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has been garnering increasing attention in recent years. Of the various explainability approaches, concept-based techniques stand out for their ability to utilize human-meaningful concepts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Fatemeh Aghaeipoor , Dorsa Asgarian , Mohammad Sabokrou

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become essential in high-stakes domains such as drug discovery, yet their black-box nature remains a significant barrier to trustworthiness. While self-explainable GNNs attempt to bridge this gap, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Chuqin Geng , Li Zhang , Haolin Ye , Ziyu Zhao , Yuhe Jiang , Tara Saba , Xinyu Wang , Xujie Si

Recent advancements in graph learning have revolutionized the way to understand and analyze data with complex structures. Notably, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), i.e. neural network architectures designed for learning graph representations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Yu Huang , Min Zhou , Menglin Yang , Zhen Wang , Muhan Zhang , Jie Wang , Hong Xie , Hao Wang , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen

Machine learning models that operate on graph-structured data, such as molecular graphs or social networks, often make accurate predictions but offer little insight into why certain predictions are made. Counterfactual explanations address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 David Bechtoldt , Sidney Bender

Graphs are ubiquitous in many applications, such as social networks, knowledge graphs, smart grids, etc.. Graph neural networks (GNN) are the current state-of-the-art for these applications, and yet remain obscure to humans. Explaining the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Yazheng Liu , Xi Zhang , Sihong Xie

In heterogeneous graphs, we can observe complex structures such as tree-like or hierarchical structures. Recently, the hyperbolic space has been widely adopted in many studies to effectively learn these complex structures. Although these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Jongmin Park , Seunghoon Han , Hyewon Lee , Won-Yong Shin , Sungsu Lim