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Related papers: Benign Overfitting in Single-Head Attention

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We study the problem of learning Transformer-based sequence models with black-box access to their outputs. In this setting, a learner may adaptively query the oracle with any sequence of vectors and observe the output of the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Satwik Bhattamishra , Kulin Shah , Michael Hahn , Varun Kanade

In recent years, Transformer architectures have revolutionized most fields of artificial intelligence, relying on an attentional mechanism based on the agreement between keys and queries to select and route information in the network. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Andrea Alamia , Sabine Muzellec , Thomas Serre , Rufin VanRullen

In this work we propose a HyperTransformer, a Transformer-based model for supervised and semi-supervised few-shot learning that generates weights of a convolutional neural network (CNN) directly from support samples. Since the dependence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Andrey Zhmoginov , Mark Sandler , Max Vladymyrov

Class imbalance poses a challenge for developing unbiased, accurate predictive models. In particular, in image segmentation neural networks may overfit to the foreground samples from small structures, which are often heavily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Zeju Li , Konstantinos Kamnitsas , Ben Glocker

Neural networks have gained importance as the machine learning models that achieve state-of-the-art performance on large-scale image classification, object detection and natural language processing tasks. In this paper, we consider noisy…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Chuteng Zhou , Quntao Zhuang , Matthew Mattina , Paul N. Whatmough

Normalization is a vital process for any machine learning task as it controls the properties of data and affects model performance at large. The impact of particular forms of normalization, however, has so far been investigated in limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Chintan Trivedi , Konstantinos Makantasis , Antonios Liapis , Georgios N. Yannakakis

Transformer architecture has been very successful long runner in the field of Deep Learning (DL) and Large Language Models (LLM) because of its powerful attention-based learning and parallel-natured architecture. As the models grow gigantic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Phani Kumar , Nyshadham , Jyothendra Varma , Polisetty V R K , Aditya Rathore

Recent works have demonstrated that neural networks exhibit extreme simplicity bias(SB). That is, they learn only the simplest features to solve a task at hand, even in the presence of other, more robust but more complex features. Due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Depen Morwani , Jatin Batra , Prateek Jain , Praneeth Netrapalli

We propose self-adaptive training---a new training algorithm that dynamically corrects problematic training labels by model predictions without incurring extra computational cost---to improve generalization of deep learning for potentially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Lang Huang , Chao Zhang , Hongyang Zhang

Generalization performance of classifiers in deep learning has recently become a subject of intense study. Deep models, typically over-parametrized, tend to fit the training data exactly. Despite this "overfitting", they perform well on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-18 Mikhail Belkin , Siyuan Ma , Soumik Mandal

Large deep networks have demonstrated competitive performance in single image super-resolution (SISR), with a huge volume of data involved. However, in real-world scenarios, due to the limited accessible training pairs, large models exhibit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Ruicheng Feng , Jinjin Gu , Yu Qiao , Chao Dong

Linearly transforming stimulus representations of deep neural networks yields high-performing models of behavioral and neural responses to complex stimuli. But does the test accuracy of such predictions identify genuine representational…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-05 Itamar Avitan , Tal Golan

Attention based models such as Transformers involve pairwise interactions between data points, modeled with a learnable attention matrix. Importantly, this attention matrix is normalized with the SoftMax operator, which makes it row-wise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Michael E. Sander , Pierre Ablin , Mathieu Blondel , Gabriel Peyré

The broad range of neural network training techniques that invoke optimization but rely on ad hoc modification for validity suggests that optimization-based training is misguided. Shortcomings of optimization-based training are brought to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Irina Babayan , Hazhir Aliahmadi , Greg van Anders

Recently, over-parameterized neural networks have been extensively analyzed in the literature. However, the previous studies cannot satisfactorily explain why fully trained neural networks are successful in practice. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Cong Fang , Hanze Dong , Tong Zhang

With the advent of large models based on the Transformer architecture, researchers have observed an anomalous phenomenon in the Attention mechanism--there is a very high attention on the first element, which is prevalent across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Ruiqing Yan , Xingbo Du , Haoyu Deng , Linghan Zheng , Qiuzhuang Sun , Jifang Hu , Yuhang Shao , Penghao Jiang , Jinrong Jiang , Lian Zhao

This work is substituted by the paper in arXiv:2011.14066. Stochastic gradient descent is the de facto algorithm for training deep neural networks (DNNs). Despite its popularity, it still requires fine tuning in order to achieve its best…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-02 Vatsal Shah , Anastasios Kyrillidis , Sujay Sanghavi

In recent years, dynamic parameterization of acoustic environments has raised increasing attention in the field of audio processing. One of the key parameters that characterize the local room acoustics in isolation from orientation and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-29 Chunxi Wang , Maoshen Jia , Meiran Li , Changchun Bao , Wenyu Jin

In this work, we theoretically investigate the generalization properties of neural networks (NN) trained by stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm with large learning rates. Under such a training regime, our finding is that, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Miao Lu , Beining Wu , Xiaodong Yang , Difan Zou

Graph Transformers (GTs) have demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional message-passing graph neural networks in many studies, especially in processing graph data with long-range dependencies. However, GTs tend to suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Zhonghao Li , Ji Shi , Xinming Zhang , Miao Zhang , Bo Li