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Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for generative and knowledge-intensive tasks including question-answering (QA) tasks. However, the practical deployment still faces challenges, notably the issue of "hallucination", where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Ziwei Ji , Tiezheng Yu , Yan Xu , Nayeon Lee , Etsuko Ishii , Pascale Fung

Recently, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in complex visual tasks through the integration of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, in Video Question Answering, extended thinking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Xiaokun Sun , Yubo Wang , Haoyu Cao , Linli Xu

Curriculum learning helps language models tackle complex reasoning by gradually increasing task difficulty. However, it often fails to generate consistent step-by-step reasoning, especially in multilingual and low-resource settings where…

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit advanced reasoning skills, enabling robots to comprehend natural language instructions and strategically plan high-level actions through proper grounding. However, LLM hallucination may result in robots…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Kaiqu Liang , Zixu Zhang , Jaime Fernández Fisac

Alignment is a standard procedure to fine-tune pre-trained large language models (LLMs) to follow natural language instructions and serve as helpful AI assistants. We have observed, however, that the conventional alignment process fails to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Sheng-Chieh Lin , Luyu Gao , Barlas Oguz , Wenhan Xiong , Jimmy Lin , Wen-tau Yih , Xilun Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown propensity to generate hallucinated outputs, i.e., texts that are factually incorrect or unsupported. Existing methods for alleviating hallucinations typically require costly human annotations to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Yu Xia , Xu Liu , Tong Yu , Sungchul Kim , Ryan A. Rossi , Anup Rao , Tung Mai , Shuai Li

We propose Automatic Curricula via Expert Demonstrations (ACED), a reinforcement learning (RL) approach that combines the ideas of imitation learning and curriculum learning in order to solve challenging robotic manipulation tasks with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Siyu Dai , Andreas Hofmann , Brian Williams

Situational awareness, the capacity of an AI system to recognize its own nature, understand its training and deployment context, and reason strategically about its circumstances, is widely considered among the most dangerous emergent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Subramanyam Sahoo , Aman Chadha , Vinija Jain , Divya Chaudhary

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems offer a powerful approach to enhancing large language model (LLM) outputs by incorporating fact-checked, contextually relevant information. However, fairness and reliability concerns persist, as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Xuyang Zhu , Sejoon Chang , Andrew Kuik

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong promise for robotic task planning, particularly through the automatic generation of symbolic planning domains. However, prior work mainly treats generated domains as planning utilities. Such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jinbang Huang , Zhiyuan Li , Yuanzhao Hu , Zhanguang Zhang , Mark Coates , Xingyue Quan , Yingxue Zhang

Despite their powerful chat, coding, and reasoning abilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently hallucinate. Conventional wisdom suggests that hallucinations are a consequence of a balance between creativity and factuality, which can…

Enabling large language models (LLMs) to appropriately abstain from answering questions beyond their knowledge is crucial for mitigating hallucinations. While existing reinforcement learning methods foster autonomous abstention, they often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Cheng Gao , Cheng Huang , Kangyang Luo , Ziqing Qiao , Shuzheng Si , Huimin Chen , Chaojun Xiao , Maosong Sun

Chain-based reasoning methods like chain of thought (CoT) play a rising role in solving reasoning tasks for large language models (LLMs). However, the causal hallucinations between a step of reasoning and corresponding state transitions are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Kangsheng Wang , Xiao Zhang , Juntao Lyu , Tianyu Hu , Huimin Ma

The increase in computing power and the necessity of AI-assisted decision-making boost the growing application of large language models (LLMs). Along with this, the potential retention of sensitive data of LLMs has spurred increasing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Chenchen Tan , Youyang Qu , Xinghao Li , Hui Zhang , Shujie Cui , Cunjian Chen , Longxiang Gao

Despite significant strides in factual reliability, errors -- often termed hallucinations -- remain a major concern for generative AI, especially as LLMs are increasingly expected to be helpful in more complex or nuanced setups. Yet even in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Gal Yona , Mor Geva , Yossi Matias

Prior works have shown that fine-tuning on new knowledge can induce factual hallucinations in large language models (LLMs), leading to incorrect outputs when evaluated on previously known information. However, the specific manifestations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Renfei Dang , Peng Hu , Zhejian Lai , Changjiang Gao , Min Zhang , Shujian Huang

Large language models (LLMs) frequently produce confident but incorrect answers, partly because common binary scoring conventions reward answering over honestly expressing uncertainty. We study whether prompt-only interventions --…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Haotian Zong , Binze Li , Yufei Long , Sinyin Chang , Jialong Wu , Gillian K. Hadfield

While logical reasoning evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has attracted significant attention, existing benchmarks predominantly rely on multiple-choice formats that are vulnerable to random guessing, leading to overestimated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Qin Zhu , Fei Huang , Runyu Peng , Keming Lu , Bowen Yu , Qinyuan Cheng , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang , Junyang Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have succeeded remarkably in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, yet their reasoning capabilities remain a fundamental challenge. While LLMs exhibit impressive fluency and factual recall, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Avinash Patil , Aryan Jadon

Despite impressive progress in areas like mathematical reasoning, large language models still face significant challenges in consistently solving complex problems. Drawing inspiration from key human learning strategies, we propose two novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Enci Zhang , Xingang Yan , Wei Lin , Tianxiang Zhang , Qianchun Lu